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housing, or it can be driven by the input shaft, depending upon the gear ratio of the system. If the ring gear
is rigidly mounted, the sun gear is driven by the input shaft.
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Page 493
ringworms (fabric defect). A series of circular cracks in the dope film on a fabric-covered aircraft.
Ringworms appear when a blunt object presses against the fabric that is covered with a dope film that has
become brittle because its plasticizers have dried out. Ringworms can be removed by rejuvenating the dope.
See rejuvenation.
rip panel (free balloon component). A panel in the gas bag of a free balloon that can be opened by pulling
the rip cord to dump gas from the balloon.
ripple filter (electronic filter). An electronic filter installed in a DC power supply. The ripple filter
decreases the amplitude of the ripple remaining when alternating current is rectified.
ripple frequency. The frequency of the ripple in the output of a rectifier circuit. In a full-wave rectifier, the
ripple frequency is twice the frequency of the alternating current. In a half-wave rectifier, the ripple
frequency is the same as that of the AC.
ripsaw. A woodcutting saw with large, chisel-shaped teeth. A ripsaw is used to cut wood in the direction of
its grain.
rise time (electrical pulses). The length of time (usually measured in picoseconds or nanoseconds) needed
for the leading edge of an electrical pulse to rise from 10% to 90% of its final value. The rise time of a
pulse relates to the steepness of the leading edge of the pulse.
rivet. A small pin-type fastener, used to fasten pieces of sheet metal together. Most aircraft rivets are made
of aluminum alloy and are driven cold. The rivet is slipped through holes in the material being fastened,
and a heavy steel bucking bar is held against the end of the shank. The head of the rivet is hammered with a
rivet gun (an air hammer). The bucked head, or shop head, that is formed when the rivet is driven, is flat on
top, and its sides are rounded.
rivet cutter (mechanic’s hand tool). A special type of cutter used to cut aircraft solid rivets to the required
length. The jaws of the cutter are ground so the cut end of the rivet shank is flat.
rivet gage. The distance between rows of rivets in a riveted aircraft structure.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
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rivet gun (aircraft sheet metalworking tool). A hand-held air hammer that drives a rivet set with a series
of sharp blows. A rivet set, with a recess the shape and size of the head of the rivet being driven, is held in
the rivet gun with a spring-type retainer. The rivet set is pressed against the head of the rivet, and a heavy
polished-steel bucking bar is held against the end of the rivet shank. The blows on the head of the rivet
upset the shank and cause it to swell out and form the bucked, or shop, head.
rivet pitch. The distance between the center of adjacent rivets in the same row in a riveted aircraft structure.
See illustration for rivet gage.
rivet set. A tool used to drive aircraft rivets. A rivet set is a piece of hardened steel with a recess the shape
of the rivet head in one end. The other end of the rivet set fits into the rivet gun. The rivet gun vibrates the
rivet set and hammers the rivet against a heavy steel bucking bar held against the end of the rivet shank.
Rivnut. A patented fastener used to install threads in thin sheet metal. A Rivnut is a blind rivet with an
internally threaded hollow shank. The Rivnut is slipped through a hole drilled in the thin sheet metal, and
its shank is collapsed by pulling it with a special pulling tool screwed into the threads.
Rivnuts were developed by the B. F. Goodrich Company to install deicer boots on airplane wings.
RL circuit (electrical circuit). An electrical circuit that contains both resistance and inductance.
RLC circuit (electrical circuit). An electrical circuit that contains resistance, inductance, and capacitance.
RMI (radio magnetic indicator). An electronic navigation instrument that combines a magnetic compass
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
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with an automatic direction finder (ADF). The card of the RMI acts as gyro-stabilized magnetic compass,
and shows the magnetic heading the aircraft is flying. A pointer gives the relative bearing between the nose
of the aircraft and the radio station being received on the navigation radio.
rms (root mean square). See root mean square.
RNAV. See area navigation.
RNAV waypoint. 14 CFR Part 1: “A predetermined geographical position used for route or instrument
approach definition or progress reporting purposes that is defined relative to a VORTAC station position.”
　
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