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that depends principally for its support in flight on the lift generated by one or more rotors.”
rotorcraft-load combination. 14 CFR Part 1: “The combination of a rotorcraft and an external-load,
including the external-load attaching means.
Rotorcraft-load combinations are designated as Class A, Class B, Class C, and Class D, as
follows:
(1) Class A rotorcraft-load combination means one in which the external load cannot move freely,
cannot be jettisoned, and does not extend below the landing gear.
(2) Class B rotorcraft-load combination means one in which the external load is jettisonable and is
lifted free of land or water during the rotorcraft operation.
(3) Class C rotorcraft-load combination means one in which the external load is jettisonable and
remains in contact with land or water during the rotorcraft operation.
(4) Class D rotorcraft-load combination means one in which the external load is other than a Class A,
B, or C and has been specifically approved by the Administrator for that operation.”
round off (mathematics). The mathematical process in which some of the least significant digits of a
number are deleted. The rule for rounding off: If the first digit in the discarded part is 5 or greater, increase
the lowest digit in the part being saved by one. If the first digit in the discarded part is less than 5, leave the
saved part as it is.
route (air traffic control). A defined path, consisting of one or more courses in a horizontal plane, which
aircraft traverse over the surface of the earth.
router (metal or woodcutting tool). A wood- or metal-working power tool, used to cut grooves in a
surface, or to cut the core from a honeycomb material. A router consists of a high-speed motor spinning a
tool whose cutting edges are on its side. A guide is used to control the depth to which the cutting tool can
penetrate the material being routed.
route segment. 14 CFR Part 1: “A part of a route. Each end of that part is identified by:
(1) A continental or insular geographical location; or
(2) A point at which a definite radio fix can be established.”
roving (textile materials). A lightly twisted roll or strand of textile material. Fiberglass roving is used in
place of fiberglass mat, to reinforce plastic resins molded into certain structural shapes.
RPM (revolutions per minute). A measure of rotational speed. One RPM is one revolution made in one
minute.
rubber cement. An adhesive used to fasten sheets of paper together. Rubber cement is made of
unvulcanized rubber dissolved in an organic solvent.
rubidium. A soft, silvery-white, reactive, alkali-metal chemical element. Rubidium’s symbol is Rb, its
atomic number is 37, and its atomic weight is 85.47. Rubidium ignites spontaneously in air and reacts
violently with water. It is used in the manufacture of photocells and electron tubes.
rudder (airplane control surface). The movable control surface mounted on the trailing edge of the
vertical fin of an airplane. The rudder is moved by foot-operated pedals in the cockpit, and movement of
the rudder rotates the airplane about its vertical axis.
ruddervator (airplane controls). Control surfaces on an airplane that combine the functions of the rudder
and the elevators. Ruddervators are the movable surfaces in a V-tail empennage. Moving together, they act
as elevators, rotating the airplane about its lateral axis. Moving differentially, they act as the rudder to
rotate the airplane about its vertical axis.
run (paint defect). A defect in a paint film caused by the paint attempting to flow off the surface. Runs are
caused by the application of too much paint.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 499
run-in (engine operation). A time of controlled operation of a new or freshly overhauled aircraft engine
that allows the moving parts to wear together. The operating conditions of pressures, temperatures, and
vibration are carefully monitored during the run-in. After the run-in is completed, the lubricating oil is
drained and examined for the presence of metallic particles.
running fit. A fit between parts of a mechanism that allows them to move relative to each other.
runout check (dimensional inspection). A check made of a rotating shaft to determine its straightness.
The shaft is supported on its main bearing journals in a set of V-blocks and is rotated while a dial indicator
rests on the portion of the shaft being checked. The dial indicator measures the amount the shaft is bent.
runway (aviation operation). A defined rectangular area on a land airport prepared for the landing and
takeoff run of aircraft along its length. Runways are normally numbered in relation to their magnetic
　
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