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slow taxi (float plane operation). To taxi a float plane at low power or low RPM.
sludge. A heavy contaminant that forms in an aircraft engine lubricating oil because of oxidation and
chemical decomposition of the oil.
sludge plugs (aircraft reciprocating engine component). Spool-shaped, sheet-metal plugs installed inside
hollow crankshaft throws. Sludge carried in the lubricating oil passing through the crankshaft is thrown by
centrifugal force to the outside of the chamber formed by the sludge plugs, where it is trapped and held
until the engine is disassembled at overhaul.
slug (electrical relay component). A heavy ring of copper or other metal placed over a relay coil. The slug
acts as a short-circuited winding, and the magnetic field produced by current induced in the slug slows the
operation of the relay.
slug (tuned circuit component). A small cylinder of either powdered iron or copper, placed in the center
of a radio-frequency (RF) coil to vary its inductance. When an iron slug is put in the center of the coil, its
inductance increases; but when a copper slug is put in, its inductance decreases. Changing the inductance of
the coil changes the resonant frequency of the circuit in which the coil is installed.
slug (unit of mass). The unit of mass equal to that which experiences an acceleration of one foot per
second per second when a force of one pound acts on it. It is equal to 32.174 pounds, or 14.5939 kilograms,
of mass. A slug is also called a G-pound.
small aircraft. 14 CFR Part 1: “Aircraft of 12,500 pounds or less, maximum certificated take-off weight.”
small-scale integration (SSI). An integrated circuit chip that contains up to nine gates or gate-equivalent
circuits.
smaze (atmospheric condition). A combination of smoke and haze similar to smog (smoke and fog),
except it does not contain as much moisture. Smaze is generally found in heavily industrialized areas.
smile (sheet metal damage). A small curved dent in the sheet metal around a rivet head. The smile is
caused by the rivet set being held at an angle to the rivet head, rather than straight in line with the head.
smog (atmospheric condition). A mixture of smoke and fog. Smog is a serious obstruction to visibility
and is basically natural fog contaminated with industrial pollution.
smoke (meteorology). Restriction to visibility caused by small particles of carbonaceous material
suspended in the air. Smoke is a residue from combustion.
smoke detector. A device that warns the flight crew of the presence of smoke in cargo and/or baggage
compartments. Some smoke detectors are of the visual type, others are photoelectric or ionization devices.
smoothing filter (electronic component). An electronic filter, usually made of capacitors and inductors. A
smoothing filter, also called a ripple filter, is installed between a rectifier and an electrical load to remove
the ripple from the DC produced by the rectifier.
snake drill (sheet-metal-working tool). A long, flexible extension with a round shank on one end and a
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 536
drill chuck on the other. The snake drill is fastened in the chuck of a drill motor, and a twist drill is installed
in its chuck. This combination allows holes to be drilled in locations that are inaccessible to other types of
drills.
snap-action switch (electrical switch). A type of electrical switch whose contacts are mounted on a spring
and held pressed together by the operating handle. As soon as the handle is moved to the OPEN position,
the spring snaps the contacts apart.
Snap-action switches are used in circuits carrying inductive loads to separate the contacts quickly
before the inductance causes an arc to form across the contacts.
snap ring. A small, spring-steel ring that can be fitted into a groove in a shaft or in a groove cut into the
walls of a hole. The spring action of the ring holds it tightly in the groove.
snap roll (airplane maneuver). An abrupt maneuver of an airplane in which the airplane does a single turn
of a spin while flying in a horizontal direction.
snips (metal-working hand tool). Hand-operated shears used for cutting sheet metal. The most generally
used snips are called tin snips, because they are commonly used to cut commercial sheet metal which is
often (though incorrectly) called “tin.”
snow (type of precipitation). A type of precipitation that forms in the air when water vapor changes
directly into crystals of ice. Snow forms when the air temperature is below 0°C.
snow flurry (meteorology). A popular term for snow shower, particularly of very light and brief nature.
snow grains (meteorology). Precipitation of very small, white, opaque grains of ice, similar in structure to
　
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