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way scissors cut across a sheet of paper.
throat microphone. A type of microphone used by a person operating in an extremely noisy area such as
the cockpit of an airplane. The throat microphone is strapped around the person’s neck so the sensitive
pickup rests over the larynx (the part of the throat containing the vocal cords). When the person wearing the
microphone talks, vibrations of the larynx vibrate the microphone and produce an electrical signal that can
be changed into sound.
throttle (aircraft engine control). The control in an aircraft that regulates the power or thrust the pilot
wants the engine to develop.
throttle ice (carburetor ice). A type of ice that forms on the throttle valve of an aircraft carburetor when
the throttle is partially closed. The temperature drop caused by the pressure drop across the partially closed
throttle valve, and by the evaporation of the fuel, forces moisture to condense out of the air and freeze on
the throttle-valve plate.
through bolts (reciprocating engine component). Long threaded rods that extend across the crankcase of
an aircraft reciprocating engine to hold the crankcase halves together. The through bolts pass through the
cylinder base flanges of one cylinder on each side of the crankcase, and nuts on the through bolts hold the
cylinders to the crankcase, as well as holding the halves of the crankcase together.
throw (reciprocating engine crankshaft). The offset in the crankshaft of a reciprocating engine to which
the connecting rods are attached. Radial engines have only one throw for each row of cylinders. In-line and
horizontally opposed engines normally have one throw for every cylinder, and V-engines have one throw
for each pair of cylinders.
throwaway part. A part of a mechanism designed and built in such a way that it is not economically
repairable. When the part fails, it is more economical to throw it away and put in a new one than it would
be to repair it.
throw-over control (airplane controls). A type of airplane control wheel that may be moved from in front
of the left seat to a position in front of the right seat. This is done so the airplane can be flown from either
seat. To throw the wheel over, a pin in the control column is released, and the upper part of the column on
which the wheel is mounted pivots so it can be moved from one side to the other.
thrust (aerodynamic force). The forward aerodynamic force produced by a propeller, fan, or turbojet
engine as it forces a mass of air to the rear, behind the airplane. A propeller produces its thrust by
accelerating a large mass of air by a relatively small amount. A turbojet engine produces its thrust by
accelerating a smaller mass of air by a much larger amount. The mass and acceleration of the air moved by
a fan is between those of the propeller and the jet.
thrust bearing. A form of bearing used in a mechanism to absorb rotating loads parallel to the axis of the
shaft on which the bearing is mounted. Aircraft engines have thrust bearings to transmit thrust loads from
the propeller into the crankcase.
thruster (space vehicle component). A small rocket engine whose thrust is used to change the attitude of a
space vehicle.
thrust horsepower (reciprocating or turboprop engine). The actual amount of horsepower an
engine-propeller combination transforms into thrust.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 584
thrust horsepower (turbojet or turbofan engine). The horsepower equivalent of the thrust produced by a
turbojet or turbofan engine.
Since power requires movement, thrust horsepower must take into consideration the speed of the
aircraft in which the engine is mounted.
Thrust horsepower may be found by multiplying the net thrust, measured in pounds, by the speed
of the aircraft measured in miles per hour or feet per second. This value is then divided by a constant.
thrust line (airplane reference line). An imaginary line, parallel to the propeller shaft of an engine
installed in an airplane.
thrust loading. The gross weight of an aircraft, in pounds, divided by the thrust, in pounds, produced by
the engines.
thrust loads (bearing loads). Axial loads in a bearing installed in an aircraft engine. These loads are
caused by the thrust produced by the engine.
thrust reverser (gas turbine engine component). A device in the tail pipe of a gas turbine engine
installed in an airplane that deflects some of the exhaust gases forward to produce a rearward thrust. This
reverse thrust slows the aircraft and decreases its landing roll.
thulium. A bright, silvery, rare-earth chemical element. Thulium’s symbol is Tm, its atomic number is 69,
and its atomic weight is 168.934. Thulium is used as a source of X-rays.
　
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