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Cabin crew should be prepared to evacuate the aircraft if an emergency situation develops. Cabin
crew should also be alert to clues that may signal a emergency, such as sparks, fire, smoke,
unusual noises, impact forces and abnormal aircraft attitude.
The majority of emergencies happen on take-off or landing with no prior warning. These
emergencies are sudden and unexpected leaving minimum time to react.
There are two types of evacuations:
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·  Planned: Those for which sufficient time exists to brief the passengers and crew
·  Unplanned: Those for which there is insufficient time to brief the passengers and crew
3.3.2 Emergency Guidelines
·  Evacuation should not be initiated until the aircraft has come to a complete stop
·  Ensure engines are not running before opening door directly forward or aft of an engine
·  Be prepared for more than one impact
·  Cabin crewmembers should begin evacuation immediately upon signal from the flight deck
crew
·  Cabin crew should make an independent decision to initiate an evacuation when there is
severe structural damage, a life-threatening situation (fire, smoke, impact forces, ditching) or
abnormal aircraft attitude exists and there is no response from the flight deck crew
·  If there is an emergency and time permits, notify the flight deck crew prior to initiating an
evacuation; if time does not permit, notify the flight deck crew simultaneously upon
commencement of evacuation
·  Cabin crew should follow any additional instructions the flight deck crew may give over the
PA system
·  If one cabin crewmember initiates an evacuation, all cabin crewmembers should follow
evacuation procedures immediately
·  When a crewmember’s life is directly and imminently in danger, the cabin crewmember’s
personal safety should always take priority
3.3.3 Survival in the Desert
See Appendix C, paragraph C.1 for desert survival information.
3.4 SEA DITCHING & EVACUATION
3.4.1 General
It is essential that in order to survive and be rescued successfully, some basic factors must be
taken into consideration. These factors are listed here below in order of priority:
·  Protection: The most pressing action should be protection from the adverse effects of the
environment (i.e., water, the chilling effect of wind on wet clothing, extremes of temperature,
etc.)
·  Location: Have all signalling equipment ready
·  Water: Take as much water as possible and plan on rationing it
·  Food: Check on rations available; if the quantity of the water supply is in question, decrease
the food ration; the quantity of food and water must vary in direct proportion
For both the planned and unplanned ditching situations, the specific suggested sequence of
actions to be taken, along with associated commands and announcements to be made by the
cabin crew are provided in the “Planned Ditching Checklist” and “Unplanned Ditching
Checklist” provided in Appendix D.
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3.4.2 Preparation for an Evacuation on Water
In a prepared ditching, the cabin, passengers and cabin crew preparation involve the same
procedures as with an emergency landing, except for the following:
·  Passengers should be informed over PA about the ditching procedure
·  Cabin crew should demonstrate the donning of life vests, brace positions, point out the exits,
and finally, show the safety instruction cards
·  Cabin crew should make sure that passengers have correctly donned life vests (including
infant’s life vests), and understand how to inflate them
·  Passengers should be reminded to inflate life vests only after leaving the aircraft
The same basic rules apply for ditching as for crash landing. Water is not a soft surface and
considerable damage to the fuselage should be expected.
3.4.3 Evacuation at Sea
The following are suggested items for the crew to consider when preparing to evacuate the
aircraft following a sea ditching (Refer to Appendix D, paragraphs D.5 and D.6 for the
Unplanned and Planned Ditching Checklists):
·  Determine the water level outside the aircraft
·  Determine the water level inside the aircraft
·  If water level is close to the doorsill, slide/life rafts can be detached and moved to a useable
exit
·  Some exits may be unusable due to the aircraft’s attitude in the water.
　
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