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IF is considered to be associated with the approach
transition or feeder route.
Approach Gate –An imaginary point used by ATC to
vector aircraft to the final approach course. The
approach gate is established along the final approach
course 1 NM from the final approach fix (FAF) on the
side away from the airport and is located no closer than
5 NM from the landing threshold.
Area Navigation (RNAV) – A method of navigation
that permits aircraft operations on any desired course
within the coverage of station referenced navigation
signals or within the limits of self contained system
capability.
Automated Surface Observing System
(ASOS)/Automated Weather Sensor System (AWSS)
– The ASOS/AWSS is the primary surface weather
observing system of the U.S.
Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) – A
weather observing system that provides minute-byminute weather observations such as temperature, dew
point, wind, altimeter setting, visibility, sky condition,
and precipitation. Some ASOS stations include a precipitation discriminator which can differentiate between
liquid and frozen precipitation.
Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS) – A
suite of sensors which measure, collect, and disseminate weather data. AWOS stations provide a minute-byminute update of weather parameters such as wind
speed and direction, temperature and dew point, visibility, cloud heights and types, precipitation, and barometric pressure. A variety of AWOS system types are
available (from AWOS 1 to AWOS 3), each of which
includes a different sensor array.
Automated Weather Sensor System (AWSS) – The
AWSS is part of the Aviation Surface Weather
Observation Network suite of programs and provides
pilots and other users with weather information through
the Automated Surface Observing System. The AWSS
sensor suite automatically collects, measures,
processes, and broadcasts surface weather data.
Automated Weather System – Any of the automated
weather sensor platforms that collect weather data at
airports and disseminate the weather information via
radio and/or landline. The systems currently consist of
the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS),
Automated Weather Sensor System (AWSS) and
Automated Weather Observation System (AWOS).
Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-
B) – A surveillance system that continuously broadcasts GPS position information, aircraft identification,
C-7
uing to the destination airport in those conditions, may
deviate from the instrument approach procedure and
proceed to the destination airport by visual reference to
the surface. This approach will only be authorized
when requested by the pilot and the reported ground
visibility at the destination airport is at least one statute
mile.
Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) – A situation
where a mechanically normally functioning airplane is
inadvertently flown into the ground, water, or an obstacle. There are two basic causes of CFIT accidents; both
involve flight crew situational awareness. One definition of situational awareness is an accurate perception
by pilots of the factors and conditions currently affecting the safe operation of the aircraft and the crew. The
causes of CFIT are the flight crews’ lack of vertical
position awareness or their lack of horizontal position
awareness in relation to terrain and obstacles.
Database Columns – The spaces for data entry on
each record. One column can accommodate one character.
Database Field – The collection of characters needed
to define one item of information.
Database Identifier – A specific geographic point in
space identified on an aeronautical chart and in a naviation database, officially designated by the controlling
state authority or derived by Jeppesen. It has no ATC
function and should not be used in filing flight plans
nor used when communicating with ATC.
Database Record – A single line of computer data
made up of the fields necessary to define fully a single
useful piece of data.
Decision Altitude (DA) –A specified altitude in the
precision approach at which a missed approach must be
initiated if the required visual reference to continue the
approach has not been established. The term “Decision
Altitude (DA)” is referenced to mean sea level and the
term “Decision Height (DH)” is referenced to the
threshold elevation. Even though DH is charted as an
altitude above MSL, the U.S. has adopted the term
“DA” as a step toward harmonization of the United
States and international terminology. At some point,
　
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本文鏈接地址：Instrument Procedures Handbook (IPH)儀表程序手冊上(185)