曝光臺 注意防騙 網(wǎng)曝天貓店富美金盛家居專營店坑蒙拐騙欺詐消費者

fixes. The MEA prescribed for a Federal airway or seg
C-11
Missed Approach Waypoint (MAWP) – An approach
waypoint sequenced during the missed approach procedure that is usually a fly-over waypoint, rather than a
fly-by waypoint.
National Airspace System (NAS) – Consists of a complex collection of facilities, systems, equipment, procedures, and airports operated by thousands of people to
provide a safe and efficient flying environment.
Navigational Gap – A navigational course guidance
gap, referred to as an MEA gap, describes a distance
along an airway or route segment where a gap in navigational signal coverage exists. The navigational gap
may not exceed a specific distance that varies directly
with altitude.
Nondirectional Radio Beacon (NDB) – An L/MF or
UHF radio beacon transmitting nondirectional signals
whereby the pilot of an aircraft equipped with direction
finding equipment can determine bearing to or from the
radio beacon and “home” on or track to or from the station. When the radio beacon is installed in conjunction
with the ILS marker, it is normally called a compass
locator.
Non-RNAV DP – A DP whose ground track is based
on ground-based NAVAIDS and/or dead reckoning navigation.
Obstacle Clearance Surface (OCS) – An inclined or
level surface associated with a defined area for obstruction evaluation.
Obstacle Departure Procedure (ODP) – A procedure
that provides obstacle clearance. ODPs do not include
ATC related climb requirements. In fact, the primary
emphasis of ODP design is to use the least onerous
route of flight to the en route structure while attempting
to accommodate typical departure routes.
Obstacle Identification Surface (OIS) – The design of
a departure procedure is based on TERPS, a living document that is updated frequently. Departure design criteria assumes an initial climb of 200 feet per NM after
crossing the departure end of the runway (DER) at a
height of at least 35 feet above the ground. Assuming a
200 feet per NM climb, the departure is structured to
provide at least 48 feet per NM of clearance above
objects that do not penetrate the obstacle slope. The
slope, known as the obstacle identification slope (OIS),
is based on a 40 to 1 ratio, which is the equivalent of a
152-foot per NM slope.
Off-Airway Routes – The FAA prescribes altitudes
governing the operation of aircraft under IFR for offairway routes in a similar manner to those on federal
airways, jet routes, area navigation low or high altitude
routes, and other direct routes for which an MEA is
designated.
Off-Route Obstruction Clearance Altitude
(OROCA) – An off-route altitude that provides
obstruction clearance with a 1,000 foot buffer in nonmountainous terrain areas and a 2,000 foot buffer in
designated mountainous areas within the U.S. This altitude may not provide signal coverage from groundbased navigational aids, air traffic control radar, or
communications coverage.
Operations Specifications (OpsSpecs) – A published
document providing the conditions under which an air
carrier and operator for compensation or hire must
operate in order to retain approval from the FAA.
Pilot Briefing Information – The current format for
charted IAPs issued by NACO. The information is presented in a logical order facilitating pilot briefing of the
procedures. Charts include formatted information
required for quick pilot or flight crew reference located
at the top of the chart.
Point-in-Space (PinS) Approach – An approach normally developed to heliports that do not meet the IFR
heliport design standards but meet the standards for a
VFR heliport. A helicopter PinS approach can be developed using conventional NAVAIDs or RNAV systems.
These procedures have either a VFR or visual segment
between the MAP and the landing area. The procedure
will specify a course and distance from the MAP to the
heliport(s) and include a note to proceed VFR or visually from the MAP to the heliport, or conduct the
missed approach.
Positive Course Guidance (PCG) – A continuous display of navigational data that enables an aircraft to be
flown along a specific course line, e.g., radar vector,
RNAV, ground-based NAVAID.
Precision Runway Monitor (PRM) – Provides air
traffic controllers with high precision secondary surveillance data for aircraft on final approach to parallel
runways that have extended centerlines separated by
less than 4,300 feet. High resolution color monitoring
displays (FMA) are required to present surveillance
track data to controllers along with detailed maps
　
中國航空網(wǎng) www.k6050.com
航空翻譯 www.aviation.cn
本文鏈接地址：Instrument Procedures Handbook (IPH)儀表程序手冊上(190)