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are expected to hold as published. In this situation, the
controller will issue a holding clearance which includes
the name of the fix, directs you to hold as published,
Figure 3-27. Typical Holding Pattern Design Criteria Template.
Fix Displacement Area
Facility
Facility
Secondary Area
Primary Area
Holding Pattern Airspace Area
3-24
and includes an expect further clearance (EFC) time.
An example of such a clearance is: “Marathon five
sixty four, hold east of MIKEY Intersection as published, expect further clearance at 1521.” When ATC
issues a clearance requiring you to hold at a fix where a
holding pattern is not charted, you will be issued complete holding instructions. This information includes
the direction from the fix, name of the fix, course, leg
length, if appropriate, direction of turns (if left turns
are required), and the EFC time. You are required to
maintain your last assigned altitude unless a new altitude is specifically included in the holding clearance,
and you should fly right turns unless left turns are
assigned. Note that all holding instructions should
include an EFC time. If you lose two-way radio communication, the EFC allows you to depart the holding
fix at a definite time. Plan the last lap of your holding
pattern to leave the fix as close as possible to the exact
time. [Figure 3-28]
If you are approaching your clearance limit and have
not received holding instructions from ATC, you are
expected to follow certain procedures. First, call ATC
and request further clearance before you reach the fix.
If you cannot obtain further clearance, you are expected
to hold at the fix in compliance with the published
holding pattern. If a holding pattern is not charted at
the fix, you are expected to hold on the inbound course
using right turns. This procedure ensures that ATC will
provide adequate separation. [Figure 3-29] Assume you
are eastbound on V214 and the Cherrelyn VORTAC is
your clearance limit. If you have not been able to obtain
further clearance and have not received holding instructions, you should plan to hold southwest on the 221
degrees radial using left-hand turns, as depicted. If this
holding pattern was not charted, you would hold west
of the VOR on V214 using right-hand turns.
Where required for aircraft separation, ATC may
request that you hold at any designated reporting point
in a standard holding pattern at the MEA or the MRA,
whichever altitude is the higher at locations where a
minimum holding altitude has not been established.
Unplanned holding at en route fixes may be expected
on airway or route radials, bearings, or courses. If the
fix is a facility, unplanned holding could be on any
radial or bearing. There may be holding limitations
required if standard holding cannot be accomplished at
the MEA or MRA.
MAXIMUM HOLDING SPEED
As you have seen, the size of the holding pattern is
directly proportional to the speed of the airplane. In
order to limit the amount of airspace that must be protected by ATC, maximum holding speeds in knots
Figure 3-28. ATC Holding Instructions.
A clearance for an uncharted holding pattern contains additional information:
There are at least three items in a
clearance for a charted holding pattern:
• Direction to hold from the holding fix
• Holding fix
• Expect further clearance time
"...Hold southeast
of PINNE Intersection as published.
Expect further clearance at 1645."
• Direction to hold from holding fix
• Holding fix
• The holding course (a specified radial, magnetic bearing, airway or route number)
• The outbound leg length in minutes or nautical miles when DME is used
• Nonstandard pattern, if used
• Expect further clearance time
"...Hold west
of Horst Intersection
on Victor 8
5 mile legs
left turns
expect further clearance at 1430."
3-25
indicated airspeed (KIAS) have been designated for
specific altitude ranges [Figure 3-30]. Even so, some
holding patterns may have additional speed restrictions
to keep faster airplanes from flying out of the protected
area. If a holding pattern has a nonstandard speed
restriction, it will be depicted by an icon with the limiting airspeed. If the holding speed limit is less than you
feel is necessary, you should advise ATC of your
revised holding speed. Also, if your indicated airspeed
exceeds the applicable maximum holding speed, ATC
expects you to slow to the speed limit within three minutes of your ETA at the holding fix. Often pilots can
　
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