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provided:
23.2.1 The contact approach is specifically requested
by the pilot. ATC cannot initiate this
approach.
EXAMPLE−
Request contact approach.
23.2.2 The reported ground visibility at the
destination airport is at least 1 statute mile.
23.2.3 The contact approach will be made to an
airport having a standard or special instrument
approach procedure.
23.2.4 Approved separation is applied between
aircraft so cleared and between these aircraft and
other IFR or special VFR aircraft.
EXAMPLE−
Cleared contact approach (and if required) at or below
(altitude) (routing) if not possible (alternative procedures)
and advise.
23.3 A contact approach is an approach procedure
that may be used by a pilot (with prior authorization
from ATC) in lieu of conducting a standard or special
instrument approach procedure (IAP) to an airport. It
is not intended for use by a pilot on an IFR flight
clearance to operate to an airport not having a
published and functioning IAP. Nor is it intended for
an aircraft to conduct an instrument approach to one
airport and then, when “in the clear,” discontinue that
approach and proceed to another airport. In the
execution of a contact approach, the pilot assumes the
responsibility for obstruction clearance. If radar
service is being received, it will automatically
terminate when the pilot is instructed to change to
advisory frequency.
24. Visual Approach
24.1 A visual approach is conducted on an IFR flight
plan and authorizes a pilot to proceed visually and
clear of clouds to the airport. The pilot must have
either the airport or the preceding identified aircraft
in sight. This approach must be authorized and
controlled by the appropriate air traffic control
facility. Reported weather at the airport must have a
ceiling at or above 1,000 feet and visibility 3 miles or
greater. ATC may authorize this type approach when
it will be operationally beneficial. Visual approaches
are an IFR procedure conducted under Instrument
Flight Rules in visual meteorological conditions.
Cloud clearance requirements of 14 CFR Section
91.155 are not applicable, unless required by
operation specifications.
24.2 Operating to an Airport Without Weather
Reporting Service. ATC will advise the pilot when
weather is not available at the destination airport.
ATC may initiate a visual approach provided there is
a reasonable assurance that weather at the airport is a
ceiling at or above 1,000 feet and visibility 3 miles or
greater (e.g., area weather reports, PIREPs, etc.).
24.3 Operating to an Airport with an Operating
Control Tower. Aircraft may be authorized to
conduct a visual approach to one runway while other
aircraft are conducting IFR or VFR approaches to
another parallel, intersecting, or converging runway.
When operating to airports with parallel runways
separated by less than 2,500 feet, the succeeding
aircraft must report sighting the preceding aircraft
unless standard separation is being provided by ATC.
When operating to parallel runways separated by at
least 2,500 feet but less than 4,300 feet, controllers
will clear/vector aircraft to the final at an angle not
greater than 30 degrees unless radar, vertical, or
visual separation is provided during the turn−on. The
purpose of the 30 degree intercept angle is to reduce
the potential for overshoots of the final and to
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15 MAR 07 United States of America
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
preclude side−by−side operations with one or both
aircraft in a belly−up configuration during the
turn−on. Once the aircraft are established within 30
degrees of final, or on the final, these operations may
be conducted simultaneously. When the parallel
runways are separated by 4,300 feet or more, or
intersecting/converging runways are in use, ATC
may authorize a visual approach after advising all
aircraft involved that other aircraft are conducting
operations to the other runway. This may be
accomplished through use of the ATIS.
24.4 Separation Responsibilities. If the pilot has
the airport in sight but cannot see the preceding
aircraft, ATC may clear the aircraft for a visual
approach; however, ATC retains both separation and
wake vortex separation responsibility. When visually
following a preceding aircraft, acceptance of the
visual approach clearance constitutes acceptance of
pilot responsibility for maintaining a safe approach
interval and adequate wake turbulence separation.
　
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