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weather, traffic volume, etc.). When ATC states in the
clearance, “hold for release,” the pilot may not depart
utilizing that IFR clearance until a release time or
additional instructions are issued by ATC. This does
not preclude the pilot from cancelling the IFR clearance
with ATC and departing under VFR; but an IFR
clearance may not be available after departure. In
addition, ATC will include departure delay information
in conjunction with “hold for release” instructions.
EXAMPLE−
(Aircraft identification) cleared to (destination) airport as
filed, maintain (altitude), and, if required (additional
instructions or information), hold for release, expect (time
in hours and/or minutes) departure delay.
32.1.3 Release Times. A “release time” is a
departure restriction issued to a pilot by ATC,
specifying the earliest time an aircraft may depart.
ATC will use “release times” in conjunction with
traffic management procedures and/or to separate a
departing aircraft from other traffic.
EXAMPLE−
(Aircraft identification) released for departure at (time in
hours and/or minutes).
32.1.4 Expect Departure Clearance Time
(EDCT). The EDCT is the runway release time
assigned to an aircraft included in traffic management
programs. Aircraft are expected to depart no earlier
than 5 minutes before, and no later than 5 minutes
after the EDCT.
32.2 If practical, pilots departing uncontrolled airports
should obtain IFR clearances prior to becoming
airborne when two−way communication with the
controlling ATC facility is available.
33. Departure Control
33.1 Departure Control is an approach control function
responsible for ensuring separation between departures.
So as to expedite the handling of departures,
Departure Control may suggest a takeoff direction
other than that which may normally have been used
under VFR handling. Many times it is preferred to offer
the pilot a runway that will require the fewest turns
after takeoff to place the pilot on course or selected
departure route as quickly as possible. At many locations
particular attention is paid to the use of preferential
runways for local noise abatement programs, and
route departures away from congested areas.
33.2 Departure Control utilizing radar will normally
clear aircraft out of the terminal area using instrument
departure procedures (DPs) via radio navigation aids.
When a departure is to be vectored immediately following
takeoff, the pilot will be advised prior to takeoff
of the initial heading to be flown but may not be
advised of the purpose of the heading. Pilots operating
in a radar environment are expected to associate
departure headings with vectors to their planned route
of flight. When given a vector taking the aircraft off
a previously assigned nonradar route, the pilot will be
advised briefly what the vector is to achieve. Thereafter,
radar service will be provided until the aircraft has
been reestablished “on−course” using an appropriate
navigation aid and the pilot has been advised of the
aircraft’s position; or, a handoff is made to another radar
controller with further surveillance capabilities.
33.3 Controllers will inform pilots of the departure
control frequencies and, if appropriate, the transponder
code before takeoff. Pilots should not operate
331104 J AFUUELGBY 0878
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15 MAR 07 United States of America
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
their transponder until ready to start the takeoff roll,
except at ASDE−X facilities where transponders
should be transmitting “on” with altitude reporting
continuously while operating on the airport surface if
so equipped. Pilots should not change to the departure
control frequency until requested. Controllers may
omit the departure control frequency if a DP has or
will be assigned and the departure control frequency
is published on the DP.
34. Abbreviated IFR Departure Clearance
(Cleared . . . as Filed) Procedures
34.1 ATC facilities will issue an abbreviated IFR
departure clearance based on the ROUTE of flight
filed in the IFR flight plan, provided the filed route
can be approved with little or no revision. These
abbreviated clearance procedures are based on the
following conditions:
34.1.1 The aircraft is on the ground or it has departed
VFR and the pilot is requesting IFR clearance while
airborne.
34.1.2 That a pilot will not accept an abbreviated
clearance if the route or destination of a flight plan
　
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