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one or more rotating beacons and/or strobe lights, be
colored either red or white, and have different (higher
than minimum) intensities when compared to other
aircraft. Many aircraft have both a rotating beacon
and a strobe light system.
25.3The FAA has a voluntary pilot safety program,
Operation Lights On, to enhance the see−and−avoid
concept. Pilots are encouraged to turn on their landing
lights during takeoff; i.e., either after takeoff clearance
has been received or when beginning takeoff
roll. Pilots are further encouraged to turn on their
landing lights when operating below 10,000feet, day
or night, especially when operating within 10 miles of
any airport or in conditions of reduced visibility and
in areas where flocks of birds may be expected;
i.e.,coastal areas, lake areas, around refuse dumps,
etc. Although turning on aircraft lights does enhance
the see−and−avoid concept, pilots should not become
complacent about keeping a sharp lookout for other
aircraft. Not all aircraft are equipped with lights, and
some pilots may not have their lights turned on.
Aircraft manufacturers’ recommendations for operation
of landing lights and electrical systems should be
observed.
25.4Prop and jet blast forces generated by large
aircraft have overturned or damaged several smaller
aircraft taxiing behind them. To avoid similar results
and in the interest of preventing upsets and injuries to
ground personnel from such forces, the FAA
recommends that air carriers and commercial
operators turn on their rotating beacons anytime their
aircraft engines are in operation. General aviation
pilots using rotating beacon−equipped aircraft are
also encouraged to participate in this program which
is designed to alert others to the potential hazard.
Since this is a voluntary program, exercise caution
and do not rely solely on the rotating beacon as an
indication that aircraft engines are in operation.
25.5At the discretion of the pilot−in−command turn
on all external illumination, including landing lights,
when taxiing on, across, or holding in position on any
runway. This increases the conspicuity of the aircraft
to controllers and other pilots approaching to land,
taxiing, or crossing the runway. Pilots should comply
with any equipment operating limitations and
consider the effects of landing and strobe lights on
other aircraft in their vicinity. When cleared for
takeoff pilots should turn on any remaining exterior
lights.
26. Flight Inspection/“Flight Check”
Aircraft in Terminal Areas
26.1Flight Check" is a call sign used to alert pilots
and air traffic controllers when an FAA aircraft is
engaged in flight inspection/certification of
NAVAIDs and flight procedures. Flight check aircraft
fly preplanned high/low altitude flight patterns such
as grids, orbits, DME arcs, and tracks, including low
passes along the full length of the runway to verify
NAVAID performance. In most instances, these flight
checks are being automatically recorded and/or flown
in an automated mode.
26.2Pilots should be especially watchful and avoid
the flight paths of any aircraft using the call sign
Flight Check" or Flight Check Recorded." The
latter call sign; e.g. Flight Check 47 Recorded,"
indicates that automated flight inspections are in
progress in terminal areas. These flights will
normally receive special handling from ATC. Pilot
patience and cooperation in allowing uninterrupted
recordings can significantly help expedite flight
inspections, minimize costly, repetitive runs, and
reduce the burden on the U.S. taxpayer.
AIP ENR 1.1−23
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
27. ATC Clearances and Aircraft Separation
27.1Clearance
27.1.1A clearance issued by ATC is predicated on
known traffic and known physical airport conditions.
An ATC clearance means an authorization by ATC,
for the purpose of preventing collision between
known aircraft, for an aircraft to proceed under
specified conditions within Classes A, B, C, D, and E
airspace. IT IS NOT AUTHORIZATION FOR A
PILOT TO DEVIATE FROM ANY RULE,
REGULATION OR MINIMUM ALTITUDE NOR
TO CONDUCT UNSAFE OPERATION OF THE
AIRCRAFT.
27.1.214 CFR Section 91.3(a) states: The pilot in
command of an aircraft is directly responsible for,
and is the final authority as to, the operation of that
aircraft." If ATC issues a clearance that would cause
a pilot to deviate from a rule or regulation, or in the
　
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