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Angeles.”
34.8.3 If the flight plan has been changed, state the
change and request a full route clearance.
EXAMPLE−
“Washington clearance delivery, American Seventy Six at
gate one. IFR San Francisco. My flight plan route has been
amended (or destination changed). Request full route
clearance.”
34.8.4 Request verification or clarification from
ATC if ANY portion of the clearance is not clearly
understood.
34.8.5 When requesting clearance for the IFR
portion of a VFR−IFR flight, request such clearance
prior to the fix where IFR operation is proposed to
commence in sufficient time to avoid delay. Use the
following phraseology:
EXAMPLE−
“Los Angeles center, Apache Six One Papa, VFR
estimating Paso Robles VOR at three two, one thousand
five hundred, request IFR to Bakersfield.”
35. Instrument Departure Procedures (DP) −
Obstacle Departure Procedures (ODP) and
Standard Instrument Departures (SID)
35.1 Instrument departure procedures are preplanned
instrument flight rule (IFR) procedures
which provide obstruction clearance from the terminal
area to the appropriate en route structure. There
are two types of DPs, Obstacle Departure Procedures
(ODPs), printed either textually or graphically, and
Standard Instrument Departures (SIDs), always
printed graphically. All DPs, either textual or graphic
may be designed using either conventional or RNAV
criteria. RNAV procedures will have RNAV printed
in the title, e.g., SHEAD TWO DEPARTURE
(RNAV). ODPs provide obstruction clearance via the
least onerous route from the terminal area to the appropriate
en route structure. ODPs are recommended
for obstruction clearance and may be flown without
ATC clearance unless an alternate departure procedure
(SID or radar vector) has been specifically assigned
by ATC. Graphic ODPs will have (OBSTACLE)
printed in the procedure title, e.g., GEYSR
THREE DEPARTURE (OBSTACLE), or, CROWN
ONE DEPARTURE (RNAV)(OBSTACLE). Standard
Instrument Departures are air traffic control
(ATC) procedures printed for pilot/controller use in
graphic form to provide obstruction clearance and a
transition from the terminal area to the appropriate
en route structure. SIDs are primarily designed for
system enhancement and to reduce pilot/controller
workload. ATC clearance must be received prior to
flying a SID. All DPs provide the pilot with a way to
depart the airport and transition to the en route structure
safely. Pilots operating under 14 CFR Part 91 are
strongly encouraged to file and fly a DP at night, during
marginal Visual Meteorological Conditions
(VMC) and Instrument Meteorological Conditions
(IMC), when one is available. The following paragraphs
will provide an overview of the DP program,
why DPs are developed, what criteria are used, where
to find them, how they are to be flown, and finally pilot
and ATC responsibilities.
35.2 Why are DPs necessary? The primary reason is
to provide obstacle clearance protection information
to pilots. A secondary reason, at busier airports, is to
increase efficiency and reduce communications and
departure delays through the use of SIDs. When an instrument
approach is initially developed for an airport,
the need for DPs is assessed. The procedure designer
conducts an obstacle analysis to support
departure operations. If an aircraft may turn in any
direction from a runway within the limits of the
assessment area (see paragraph 35.3.2) and remain
clear of obstacles, that runway passes what is called
a diverse departure assessment and no ODP will be
331104 J AFUUELGBY 0878
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15 MAR 07 United States of America
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
published. A SID may be published if needed for air
traffic control purposes. However, if an obstacle
penetrates what is called the 40:1 obstacle identification
surface, then the procedure designer chooses
whether to:
35.2.1 Establish a steeper than normal climb
gradient; or
35.2.2 Establish a steeper than normal climb
gradient with an alternative that increases takeoff
minima to allow the pilot to visually remain clear of
the obstacle(s); or
35.2.3 Design and publish a specific departure route;
or
35.2.4 A combination or all of the above.
35.3 What criteria is used to provide obstruction
clearance during departure?
35.3.1 Unless specified otherwise, required obstacle
clearance for all departures, including diverse, is
based on the pilot crossing the departure end of the
　
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