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United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
FIG ENR 1.5−13
Basic T" Design
ENR 1.5−24 AIP
15 MAR 07 United States of America
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
FIG ENR 1.5−14
Modified Basic T"
12.4.3The T" design may be modified by the
procedure designers where required by terrain or air
traffic control considerations. For instance, the T"
design may appear more like a regularly or irregularly
shaped Y", or may even have one or both outboard
IAFs eliminated resulting in an upside down L" or
an I" configuration. (See FIG ENR 1.5−14 and
FIG ENR 1.5−21). Further, the leg lengths associated
with the outboard IAFs may differ. (See
FIG ENR 1.5−16 and FIG ENR 1.5−17.)
AIP ENR 1.5−25
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
FIG ENR 1.5−15
Modified T" Approach to Parallel Runways
12.4.4Another modification of the T" design may
be found at airports with parallel runway configurations.
Each parallel runway may be served by its own
T" IAF, IF (IAF), and FAF combination, resulting in
parallel final approach courses. (See
FIG ENR 1.5−15). Common IAFs may serve both
runways; however, only the intermediate and final
approach segments for the landing runway will be
shown on the approach chart. (See FIG ENR 1.5−16
and FIG ENR 1.5−17.)
ENR 1.5−26 AIP
15 MAR 07 United States of America
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
FIG ENR 1.5−16
T" Approach with Common IAFs to Parallel Runways
FIG ENR 1.5−17
T" Approach with Common IAFs to Parallel Runways
AIP ENR 1.5-27
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
FIG ENR 1.5-18
TAA Area
12.4.5 The standard TAA consists of three areas
defined by the extension of the IAF legs and the
intermediate segment course. These areas are called
the straight-in, left-base, and right-base areas. (See
FIG ENR 1.5-18). TAA area lateral boundaries are
identified by magnetic courses TO the IF (IAF). The
straight-in area can be further divided into
pie-shaped sectors with the boundaries identified by
magnetic courses TO the IF (IAF), and may contain
stepdown sections defined by arcs based on RNAV
distances (DME or ATD) from the IF (IAF). The
right/left-base areas can only be subdivided using
arcs based on RNAV distances from the IAFs for
those areas. Minimum MSL altitudes are charted
within each of these defined areas/subdivisions that
provide at least 1,000 feet of obstacle clearance, or
more as necessary in mountainous areas.
12.4.5.1 Prior to arriving at the TAA boundary, the
pilot can determine which area of the TAA the aircraft
will enter by selecting the IF (IAF) to determine the
magnetic bearing TO the center IF (IAF). That
bearing should then be compared with the published
bearings that define the lateral boundaries of the TAA
areas. Using the end IAFs may give a false indication
of which area the aircraft will enter. This is critical
when approaching the TAA near the extended
boundary between the left and right-base areas,
especially where these areas contain different
minimum altitude requirements.
12.4.5.2 Pilots entering the TAA and cleared by air
traffic control, are expected to proceed directly to the
IAF associated with that area of the TAA at the
altitude depicted, unless otherwise cleared by air
traffic control. Cleared direct to an Initial Approach
Fix (IAF) without a clearance for the procedure does
not authorize a pilot to descend to a lower TAA
altitude. If a pilot desires a lower altitude without an
approach clearance, request the lower TAA altitude.
If a pilot is not sure of what they are authorized or
expected to do by air traffic, they should ask air traffic
or request a specific clearance. Pilots entering the
TAA with two-way radio communications failure
(14 CFR Section91.185, IFR Operations: Two-way
Radio Communications Failure), must maintain the
highest altitude prescribed by Section91.185(c)(2)
until arriving at the appropriate IAF.
30 AUG 07
ENR 1.5-28 AIP
15 MAR 07 United States of America
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
FIG ENR 1.5-19
Sectored TAA Areas
12.4.5.3 Depiction of the TAA on U.S. Government
charts will be through the use of icons located in the
plan view outside the depiction of the actual approach
　
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