曝光臺 注意防騙 網曝天貓店富美金盛家居專營店坑蒙拐騙欺詐消費者

least 3,000 feet if one ILS if offset by 2.5 to
3.0 degrees. The airspace between the final approach
courses contains a No Transgression Zone (NTZ)
with surveillance provided by two PRM monitor
controllers, one for each approach course. To qualify
for reduced lateral runway separation, monitor
controllers must be equipped with high update radar
and high resolution ATC radar displays, collectively
called a PRM system. The PRM system displays
almost instantaneous radar information. Automated
tracking software provides PRM monitor controllers
with aircraft identification, position, speed and a
ten−second projected position, as well as visual and
aural controller alerts. The PRM system is a
supplemental requirement for simultaneous close
parallel approaches in addition to the system
requirements for simultaneous parallel ILS/MLS
approaches described in paragraph 19, Simultaneous
Parallel ILS/MLS Approaches (Independent).
31 JULY 08
ENR 1.5−48 AIP
15 MAR 07 United States of America
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
20.1.1.2 Simultaneous close parallel ILS/PRM
approaches are depicted on a separate Approach
Procedure Chart titled ILS/PRM Rwy XXX
(Simultaneous Close Parallel).
20.1.2 SOIA is an acronym for Simultaneous Offset
Instrument Approach, a procedure used to conduct
simultaneous approaches to runways spaced less than
3,000 feet, but at least 750 feet apart. The SOIA
procedure utilizes an ILS/PRM approach to one
runway and an offset Localizer Type Directional Aid
(LDA)/PRM approach with glide slope to the
adjacent runway.
20.1.2.1 The ILS/PRM approach plates used in
SOIA operations are identical to other ILS/PRM
approach plates, with an additional note, which
provides the separation between the two runways
used for simultaneous approaches. The LDA/PRM
approach plate displays the required notations for
closely spaced approaches as well as depicting the
visual segment of the approach, and a note that
provides the separation between the two runways
used for simultaneous operations.
20.1.2.2 Controllers monitor the SOIA ILS/PRM
and LDA/PRM approaches with a PRM system using
high update radar and high−resolution ATC radar
displays in exactly the same manner as is done for
ILS/PRM approaches. The procedures and system
requirements for SOIA ILS/PRM and LDA/PRM
approaches are identical with those used for
simultaneous close parallel ILS/PRM approaches
until near the LDA/PRM approach missed approach
point (MAP)−−−where visual acquisition of the ILS
aircraft by the LDA aircraft must be accomplished.
Since the ILS/PRM and LDA/PRM approaches are
identical except for the visual segment in the SOIA
concept, an understanding of the procedures for
conducting ILS/PRM approaches is essential before
conducting a SOIA ILS/PRM or LDA/PRM
operation.
20.1.2.3 In SOIA, the approach course separation
(instead of the runway separation) meets established
close parallel approach criteria. Refer to
FIG ENR 1.5−28 for the generic SOIA approach
geometry. A visual segment of the LDA/PRM
approach is established between the LDA MAP and
the runway threshold. Aircraft transition in visual
conditions from the LDA course, beginning at the
LDA MAP, to align with the runway and can be
stabilized by 500 feet above ground level (AGL) on
the extended runway centerline. Aircraft will be
“paired” in SOIA operations, with the ILS aircraft
ahead of the LDA aircraft prior to the LDA aircraft
reaching the LDA MAP. A cloud ceiling for the
approach is established so that the LDA aircraft has
nominally 30 seconds to acquire the leading ILS
aircraft prior to the LDA aircraft reaching the LDA
MAP. If visual acquisition is not accomplished, a
missed approach must be executed.
20.2 Requirements.
20.2.1 Besides system requirements as identified in
subpara 20.1 above all pilots must have completed
special training before accepting a clearance to
conduct ILS/PRM or LDA/PRM Simultaneous Close
Parallel Approaches.
20.2.1.1 Pilot Training Requirement. Pilots must
complete special pilot training, as outlined below,
before accepting a clearance for a simultaneous close
parallel ILS/PRM or LDA/PRM approach.
a) For operations under 14 CFR Parts 121, 129,
and 135 pilots must comply with FAA approved
company training as identified in their Operations
Specifications. Training, at a minimum, must require
pilots to view the FAA video “ILS PRM AND SOIA
APPROACHES: INFORMATION FOR AIR CARRIER
　
中國航空網 www.k6050.com
航空翻譯 www.aviation.cn
本文鏈接地址：AIP航行情報匯編2(98)