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and ground vehicle operations. Pilots should consider
the effects of prevailing inflight visibility (such as
landing into the sun) and how it may affect overall
situational awareness. Additionally, surface vehicles
and aircraft being taxied by maintenance personnel
may also be participating in LAHSO, especially in
those operations that involve crossing an active
runway.
ENR 1.1−18 AIP
15 MAR 07 United States of America
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
23. Exiting the Runway after Landing
23.1The following procedures must be followed
after landing and reaching taxi speed.
23.1.1Exit the runway without delay at the first
available taxiway or on a taxiway as instructed by
ATC. Pilots shall not exit the landing runway onto
another runway unless authorized by ATC. At
airports with an operating control tower, pilots should
not stop or reverse course on the runway without first
obtaining ATC approval.
23.1.2Taxi clear of the runway unless otherwise
directed by ATC. An aircraft is considered clear of the
runway when all parts of the aircraft are past the
runway edge and there are no restrictions to its
continued movement beyond the runway holding
position markings. In the absence of ATC instructions,
the pilot is expected to taxi clear of the landing
runway by taxiing beyond the runway holding
position markings associated with the landing
runway, even if that requires the aircraft to protrude
into or cross another taxiway or ramp area. Once all
parts of the aircraft have crossed the runway holding
position markings, the pilot must hold unless further
instructions have been issued by ATC.
NOTE−
1.The tower will issue the pilot instructions which will
permit the aircraft to enter another taxiway, runway, or
ramp area when required.
2.Guidance contained in subparagraphs 23.1.1 and
23.1.2 above is considered an integral part of the landing
clearance and satisfies the requirement of 14 CFR
Section91.129.
23.1.3Immediately change to ground control
frequency when advised by the tower and obtain a
taxi clearance.
NOTE−
1.The tower will issue instructions required to resolve any
potential conflictions with other ground traffic prior to
advising the pilot to contact ground control.
2.A clearance from ATC to taxi to the ramp authorizes the
aircraft to cross all runways and taxiway intersections.
pilots not familiar with the taxi route should request
specific taxi instructions from ATC.
24. Hand Signals
FIG ENR 1.1−7
Signalman Directs Towing
SIGNALMAN
FIG ENR 1.1−8
Signalman’s Position
SIGNALMAN
AIP ENR 1.1−19
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
FIG ENR 1.1−9
All Clear
(O.K.)
FIG ENR 1.1−10
Start Engine
POINT
TO
ENGINE
TO BE
STARTED
FIG ENR 1.1−11
Pull Chocks
FIG ENR 1.1−12
Proceed Straight Ahead
ENR 1.1−20 AIP
15 MAR 07 United States of America
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
FIG ENR 1.1−13
Left Turn
FIG ENR 1.1−14
Right Turn
FIG ENR 1.1−15
Slow Down
FIG ENR 1.1−16
Flagman Directs Pilot
AIP ENR 1.1−21
United States of America 15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
FIG ENR 1.1−17
Insert Chocks
FIG ENR 1.1−18
Cut Engines
FIG ENR 1.1−19
Night Operation
Use same hand movements
as day operation
FIG ENR 1.1−20
Stop
ENR 1.1−22 AIP
15 MAR 07 United States of America
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
25. Use of Aircraft Lights
25.1Aircraft position lights are required to be
lighted on aircraft operated on the surface and in
flight from sunset to sunrise. In addition, aircraft
equipped with an anti−collision light system are
required to operate that light system during all types
of operations (day and night). However, during any
adverse meteorological conditions, the pilot−in−
command may determine that the anti−collision
lights should be turned off when their light output
would constitute a hazard to safety (14 CFR
Section91.209). Supplementary strobe lights should
be turned off on the ground when they adversely
affect ground personnel or other pilots, and in flight
when there are adverse reflection from clouds.
25.2An aircraft anti−collision light system can use
　
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