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conditions must exist:
47.2.1 The host aircraft must be equipped with a
UAT ADS-B transmitter/receiver or transceiver, and
a cockpit display of traffic information (CDTI). As
the ground system evolves, the ADS-B data link may
be either UAT or 1090 ES, or both.
47.2.2 The host aircraft must fly within the coverage
volume of a compatible GBT that is configured for
TIS-B uplinks. (Not all GBTs provide TIS-B due to
a lack of radar coverage or because a radar feed is not
available).
47.2.3 The target aircraft must be within the
coverage of, and detected by, at least one of the ATC
radars serving the GBT in use.
47.3 TIS-B Capabilities
47.3.1 TIS-B is the broadcast of traffic information
to ADS-B equipped aircraft. The source of this
trafficinformation is derived from ground-based
airtraffic radars. TIS-B is intended to provide
ADS-B equipped aircraft with a more complete
traffic picture in situations where not all nearby
aircraft are equipped with ADS-B. The advisoryonly
application will enhance a pilot's visual
acquisition of other traffic.
47.3.2 Only transponder-equipped targets (i.e.,
Mode A/C or Mode S transponders) are detected.
Current radar citing may result in limited radar
surveillance coverage at lower altitudes near some
general aviation airports, with subsequently limited
TIS-B service volume coverage. If there is no radar
coverage in a given area, then there will be no TIS-B
coverage in that area.
47.4 TIS-B Limitations
47.4.1 TIS-B is NOT intended to be used as a
collision avoidance system and does not relieve the
pilot's responsibility to “see and avoid” other aircraft.
(See paragraph 42.10, See and Avoid). TIS-B
provides traffic information to assist the pilot in the
visual acquisition of other aircraft. TIS-B shall not be
used for avoidance maneuvers during times when
there is no visual contact with the intruder aircraft.
TIS-B is intended only to assist in the visual
acquisition of other aircraft. No avoidance maneuvers
are provided for nor authorized as a direct result
of a TIS-B display or TIS-B alert.
47.4.2 TIS-B does not alter or diminish the pilot's
basic authority and responsibility to ensure safe
flight. TIS-B only displays aircraft with a functioning
transponder; therefore, aircraft that are not
transponder equipped, or aircraft that are experiencing
a transponder failure, or aircraft out of radar
coverage will not be displayed. TIS-B alone does not
ensure safe separation.
30 AUG 07
ENR 1.1-76 AIP
15 MAR 07 United States of America
Nineteenth Edition Federal Aviation Administration
47.4.3 Presently, no air traffic services or handling is
predicated on the availability of TIS-B equipment in
aircraft. A “traffic-in-sight” reply to ATC must be
based on seeing an aircraft out-the-window, NOT on
the cockpit display.
47.4.4 While TIS-B is a useful aid to visual traffic
avoidance, its inherent system limitations must be
understood to ensure proper use.
47.4.4.1 A pilot may receive an intermittent TIS-B
target of themselves, typically when maneuvering
(e.g., climbing turn) due to the radar not tracking the
aircraft as quickly as ADS-B.
47.4.4.2 The ADS-B-to-radar association process
within the ground system may at times have difficulty
correlating an ADS-B report with corresponding
radar returns from the same aircraft. When this
happens the pilot will see duplicate traffic symbols
(i.e., “TIS-B shadows”) on the cockpit display.
47.4.4.3 Updates of TIS-B traffic reports will occur
less often than ADS-B traffic updates. (TIS-B
position updates will occur approximately once
every3-13 seconds depending on the radar coverage.
In comparison, the update rate for ADS-B is
nominally once per second).
47.4.4.4 The TIS-B system only detects and uplinks
data pertaining to transponder equipped aircraft.
Aircraft without a transponder will not be displayed
as a TIS-B target.
47.4.4.5 There is no indication provided when any
aircraft is operating inside (or outside) the TIS-B
service volume, therefore it is difficult to know if one
is receiving uplinked TIS-B traffic information.
Assume that not all aircraft are displayed as TIS-B
targets.
47.4.5 Pilots and operators are reminded that the
airborne equipment that displays TIS-B targets is for
pilot situational awareness only and is not approved
as a collision avoidance tool. Unless there is an
imminent emergency requiring immediate action,
any deviation from an air traffic control clearance
　
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