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wearable technologies can improve operators job and maintenance competitiveness by:
• Increasing mobility of workers
• Improving availability of task-dependent information
• Speed up localization and detection of areas to be repaired or maintained
• Improving communication and knowledge sharing
• Enabling direct reporting
• Supporting continuous maintenance operators training
2. Background and use scenarios
The selected case study related to aeronautic maintenance is articulated through three
specific scenarios, corresponding to some typical maintenance situations: removal and
installation of equipment on the aircraft, inspection and trouble-shooting. These scenarios
are described in more detail in the following sections and represent the background from
which the activities of analysis, design and implementation of a suitable wearable
application for maintenance support began.
Removal and installation scenario: in the aeronautics industry each aircraft must be
regularly maintained for security, reliability, and performance aspects. In this scenario, the
aircraft is at the maintenance centre for the replacement of large equipment, for instance the
engine pylon (i.e. the part of an aircraft that supports the engine and related electrical
wiring, hydraulic and fuel lines). This task requires a team of operators and a considerable
toolset.
Before performing their job, operators get a “job card”. The “job card” is a paper folder
describing the procedure of the maintenance task. First, the operators gather the information
concerning the work situation (aircraft type, equipment to replace, tools and consumable to
use, duration of the task, final tests, etc.). Before going on the aircraft, they need to read the
procedure to well understand the different operations required. In many cases they visualise
pictures included in the job card to know the exact location of the equipment on board.
Then, operators get the consumables and tools from the shop floor. If the tools are not
standardized, the operators need to read the user manual. Moreover, if consumables listed
in the procedure are not available, operators must find information on alternative ones. This
kind of information can be found in the maintenance manual.
On the aircraft, operators prepare their task by securing the environment (de-energize or
depressurize aircraft, put warning notices in the cockpit, tag circuit breakers, put access
platform, etc.). The operators have to know the aircraft configuration and, for that, they
need to share information with other nomadic workers already working on the aircraft.
Once at the location, the operators open the access (doors, panels, etc) to reach the
equipment. Before removing it, they need to read the procedure to know exactly which
functional and structural links they have to disconnect (for example: the wirings to unplugs,
the headed nuts to unscrew, etc.). In the case of the pylon replacement, several operators are
required on the access platform and on the ground. To disconnect the pylon and to move it
IFAWC2006 March 15-16, Mobile Research Center, TZI Universität Bremen, Germany
down from the wing they need to communicate. To replace the pylon, several
measurements have to be performed with specific tools and documents (calculator, torque
values, etc.). At last, when the new equipment is on the aircraft, operators must complete
different functional tests, which are described in the procedure.
During the task, they need to report on a specific sheet all actions done on the aircraft
and all data collected (torque couple, oil level, test results, etc.). At the end of the job and
depending on their expertise level, each operator stamps the specific sheet to finalise the
task or ask a maintenance expert to check and validate the job.
Inspection Scenario: in the aeronautical maintenance domain improvisation has no place.
All information about each inspection is defined, and the operator has to follow
systematically the procedure. This scenario is based on a scheduled inspection. Like in
other scenarios, the aircraft is in a maintenance centre. Also in this case the operator uses a
“job card” where he can find all information concerning the inspection he has to perform.
He gathers the information concerning the work situation (aircraft type, name of the
inspection procedure, etc.). Before going on the aircraft, he has to read the procedure to
fully understand the different steps of his maintenance task. This procedure is divided into
few sections which allow him to be informed of the preparation of inspection phase, the
instrument calibration he must perform, the inspection procedure phase and general
　
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