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get the information you want through ATIS or by
monitoring the frequency. Except for a few situations
where some frequency overlap occurs, if you hear
someone else talking, the keying of your transmitter
will be futile and you will probably jam their
receivers causing them to repeat their call. If you have
just changed frequencies, pause, listen, and make sure
the frequency is clear.
b. Think before keying your transmitter. Know
what you want to say and if it is lengthy; e.g., a flight
plan or IFR position report, jot it down.
c. The microphone should be very close to your
lips and after pressing the mike button, a slight pause
may be necessary to be sure the first word is
transmitted. Speak in a normal, conversational tone.
d. When you release the button, wait a few
seconds before calling again. The controller or FSS
specialist may be jotting down your number, looking
for your flight plan, transmitting on a different
frequency, or selecting the transmitter for your
frequency.
e. Be alert to the sounds or the lack of sounds in
your receiver. Check your volume, recheck your
frequency, and make sure that your microphone is not
stuck in the transmit position. Frequency blockage
can, and has, occurred for extended periods of time
due to unintentional transmitter operation. This type
of interference is commonly referred to as a “stuck
mike,” and controllers may refer to it in this manner
when attempting to assign an alternate frequency. If
the assigned frequency is completely blocked by this
type of interference, use the procedures described for
en route IFR radio frequency outage to establish or
reestablish communications with ATC.
f. Be sure that you are within the performance
range of your radio equipment and the ground station
equipment. Remote radio sites do not always transmit
and receive on all of a facility’s available frequencies,
particularly with regard to VOR sites where you can
hear but not reach a ground station’s receiver.
Remember that higher altitudes increase the range of
VHF “line of sight” communications.
4−2−3. Contact Procedures
a. Initial Contact.
1. The terms initial contact or initial callup
means the first radio call you make to a given facility
or the first call to a different controller or FSS
specialist within a facility. Use the following format:
AIM 2/19/04
4−2−2 Radio Communications Phraseology and Techniques
(a) Name of the facility being called;
(b) Your full aircraft identification as filed in
the flight plan or as discussed in paragraph 4−2−4,
Aircraft Call Signs;
(c) When operating on an airport surface,
state your position.
(d) The type of message to follow or your
request if it is short; and
(e) The word “Over” if required.
EXAMPLE−
1. “New York Radio, Mooney Three One One Echo.”
2. “Columbia Ground, Cessna Three One Six Zero
Foxtrot, south ramp, I−F−R Memphis.”
3. “Miami Center, Baron Five Six Three Hotel, request
V−F−R traffic advisories.”
2. Many FSSs are equipped with Remote
Communications Outlets (RCOs) and can transmit on
the same frequency at more than one location. The
frequencies available at specific locations are
indicated on charts above FSS communications
boxes. To enable the specialist to utilize the correct
transmitter, advise the location and the frequency on
which you expect a reply.
EXAMPLE−
St. Louis FSS can transmit on frequency 122.3 at either
Farmington, Missouri, or Decatur, Illinois, if you are in the
vicinity of Decatur, your callup should be “Saint Louis
radio, Piper Six Niner Six Yankee, receiving Decatur One
Two Two Point Three.”
3. If radio reception is reasonably assured,
inclusion of your request, your position or altitude,
and the phrase “(ATIS) Information Charlie
received” in the initial contact helps decrease radio
frequency congestion. Use discretion; do not
overload the controller with information unneeded or
superfluous. If you do not get a response from the
ground station, recheck your radios or use another
transmitter, but keep the next contact short.
EXAMPLE−
“Atlanta Center, Duke Four One Romeo, request V−F−R
traffic advisories, Twenty Northwest Rome, seven thousand
five hundred, over.”
b. Initial Contact When Your Transmitting and
Receiving Frequencies are Different.
1. If you are attempting to establish contact with
　
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