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are capable of producing: they are the High Intensity
Runway Lights (HIRL), Medium Intensity Runway
Lights (MIRL), and the Low Intensity Runway
Lights (LIRL). The HIRL and MIRL systems have
variable intensity controls, whereas the LIRLs
normally have one intensity setting.
b. The runway edge lights are white, except on
instrument runways yellow replaces white on the last
2,000 feet or half the runway length, whichever is
less, to form a caution zone for landings.
c. The lights marking the ends of the runway emit
red light toward the runway to indicate the end of
runway to a departing aircraft and emit green outward
from the runway end to indicate the threshold to
landing aircraft.
2−1−5. In-runway Lighting
a. Runway Centerline Lighting System
(RCLS). Runway centerline lights are installed on
some precision approach runways to facilitate
landing under adverse visibility conditions. They are
located along the runway centerline and are spaced at
50−foot intervals. When viewed from the landing
threshold, the runway centerline lights are white until
the last 3,000 feet of the runway. The white lights
begin to alternate with red for the next 2,000 feet, and
for the last 1,000 feet of the runway, all centerline
lights are red.
b. Touchdown Zone Lights (TDZL). Touchdown
zone lights are installed on some precision
approach runways to indicate the touchdown zone
when landing under adverse visibility conditions.
They consist of two rows of transverse light bars
disposed symmetrically about the runway centerline.
The system consists of steady−burning white lights
which start 100 feet beyond the landing threshold and
extend to 3,000 feet beyond the landing threshold or
to the midpoint of the runway, whichever is less.
c. Taxiway Lead−Off Lights. Taxiway lead−off
lights extend from the runway centerline to a point on
an exit taxiway to expedite movement of aircraft from
the runway. These lights alternate green and yellow
from the runway centerline to the runway holding
position or the ILS/MLS critical area, as appropriate.
d. Land and Hold Short Lights. Land and hold
short lights are used to indicate the hold short point on
certain runways which are approved for Land and
Hold Short Operations (LAHSO). Land and hold
short lights consist of a row of pulsing white lights
installed across the runway at the hold short point.
Where installed, the lights will be on anytime
LAHSO is in effect. These lights will be off when
LAHSO is not in effect.
REFERENCE−
AIM, Pilot Responsibilities When Conducting Land and Hold Short
Operations (LAHSO), Paragraph 4−3−11.
2−1−6. Control of Lighting Systems
a. Operation of approach light systems and
runway lighting is controlled by the control tower
(ATCT). At some locations the FSS may control the
lights where there is no control tower in operation.
b. Pilots may request that lights be turned on or off.
Runway edge lights, in-pavement lights and
approach lights also have intensity controls which
may be varied to meet the pilots request. Sequenced
flashing lights (SFL) may be turned on and off. Some
sequenced flashing light systems also have intensity
control.
2/19/04 AIM
Airport Lighting Aids 2−1−7
TBL 2−1−1
Runways With Approach Lights
Lighting System
No. of Int.
Steps
Status During
Nonuse Period
Intensity Step Selected Per No. of Mike Clicks
3 Clicks 5 Clicks 7 Clicks
Approach Lights (Med. Int.) 2 Off Low Low High
Approach Lights (Med. Int.) 3 Off Low Med High
MIRL 3 Off or Low



HIRL 5 Off or Low



VASI 2 Off   
NOTES:
Predetermined intensity step.
Low intensity for night use. High intensity for day use as determined by photocell control.
TBL 2−1−2
Runways Without Approach Lights
Lighting System
No. of Int.
Steps
Status During
Nonuse Period
Intensity Step Selected Per No. of Mike Clicks
3 Clicks 5 Clicks 7 Clicks
MIRL 3 Off or Low Low Med. High
HIRL 5 Off or Low Step 1 or 2 Step 3 Step 5
LIRL 1 Off On On On
VASI 2 Off



REIL 1 Off Off On/Off On
REIL 3 Off Low Med. High
NOTES:
Low intensity for night use. High intensity for day use as determined by photocell control.
 The control of VASI and/or REIL may be independent of other lighting systems.
2−1−7. Pilot Control of Airport Lighting
Radio control of lighting is available at selected
airports to provide airborne control of lights by
　
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