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limits of unrestricted NAVAIDs which are usable for
random/unpublished route navigation.
b. A NAVAID will be classified as restricted if it
does not conform to flight inspection signal strength
and course quality standards throughout the
published SSV. However, the NAVAID should not be
considered usable at altitudes below that which could
be flown while operating under random route IFR
conditions (14 CFR Section 91.177), even though
these altitudes may lie within the designated SSV.
Service volume restrictions are first published in
Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs) and then with the
alphabetical listing of the NAVAIDs in the A/FD.
c. Standard Service Volume limitations do not
apply to published IFR routes or procedures.
d. VOR/DME/TACAN Standard Service
Volumes (SSV).
1. Standard service volumes (SSVs) are graphically
shown in FIG 1−1−1, FIG 1−1−2, FIG 1−1−3,
FIG 1−1−4, and FIG 1−1−5. The SSV of a station is
indicated by using the class designator as a prefix to
the station type designation.
EXAMPLE−
TVOR, LDME, and HVORTAC.
2/19/04 AIM
Air Navigation Aids 1−1−5
FIG 1−1−1
Standard High Altitude Service Volume
(See FIG 1−1−5 for altitudes below 1,000 feet).
60,000 ft.
100 NM
130 NM
45,000 ft.
18,000 ft.
14,500 ft.
1,000 ft. 40 NM
FIG 1−1−2
Standard Low Altitude Service Volume
(See FIG 1−1−5 for altitudes below 1,000 feet).
NOTE: All elevations shown are with respect
to the station's site elevation (AGL).
Coverage is not available in a cone of
airspace directly above the facility.
40 NM
18,000 ft.
1,000 ft.
FIG 1−1−3
Standard Terminal Service Volume
(See FIG 1−1−4 for altitudes below 1,000 feet).
25 NM
12,000 ft.
1,000 ft.
AIM 2/19/04
1−1−6 Air Navigation Aids
2. Within 25 NM, the bottom of the T service volume is defined by the curve in FIG 1−1−4. Within 40 NM,
the bottoms of the L and H service volumes are defined by the curve in FIG 1−1−5. (See TBL 1−1−1.)
TBL 1−1−1
VOR/DME/TACAN Standard Service Volumes
SSV Class Designator Altitude and Range Boundaries
T (Terminal) . . . . . . . . From 1,000 feet above ground level (AGL) up to and including 12,000 feet AGL at radial distances out
to 25 NM.
L (Low Altitude) . . . . From 1,000 feet AGL up to and including 18,000 feet AGL at radial distances out to 40 NM.
H (High Altitude) . . . . From 1,000 feet AGL up to and including 14,500 feet AGL at radial distances out to 40 NM. From
14,500 AGL up to and including 60,000 feet at radial distances out to 100 NM. From 18,000 feet AGL
up to and including 45,000 feet AGL at radial distances out to 130 NM.
e. Nondirectional Radio Beacon (NDB)
1. NDBs are classified according to their intended use.
2. The ranges of NDB service volumes are shown in TBL 1−1−2. The distances (radius) are the same at all
altitudes.
TBL 1−1−2
NDB Service Volumes
Class Distance (Radius)
Compass Locator 15 NM
MH 25 NM
H 50 NM*
HH 75 NM
* Service ranges of individual facilities may be less than 50 nautical miles (NM). Restrictions to service volumes
are first published as a Notice to Airmen and then with the alphabetical listing of the NAVAID in the
A/FD.
FIG 1−1−4
Service Volume Lower Edge
Terminal
1000
500
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
DISTANCE TO THE STATION IN NM
ALTITUDE IN FEET
8/5/04 AIM
Air Navigation Aids 1−1−7
FIG 1−1−5
Service Volume Lower Edge
Standard High and Low
1000
500
0
0 10 20 30 40
DISTANCE TO THE STATION IN NM
ALTITUDE IN FEET
5 15 25 35
1−1−9. Instrument Landing System (ILS)
a. General
1. The ILS is designed to provide an approach
path for exact alignment and descent of an aircraft on
final approach to a runway.
2. The ground equipment consists of two highly
directional transmitting systems and, along the
approach, three (or fewer) marker beacons. The
directional transmitters are known as the localizer
and glide slope transmitters.
3. The system may be divided functionally into
three parts:
(a) Guidance information: localizer, glide
slope;
(b) Range information: marker beacon,
DME; and
(c) Visual information: approach lights,
touchdown and centerline lights, runway lights.
4. Precision radar, or compass locators located
　
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