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Abilene . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regional
Amarillo . . . . . . . . . . . . International
Austin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Austin−Bergstrom International
Corpus Christi . . . . . . . . International
Dyess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AFB
El Paso . . . . . . . . . . . . . International
Harlingen . . . . . . . . . . . Rio Grande Valley International
Laughlin . . . . . . . . . . . . AFB
Lubbock . . . . . . . . . . . . International
AIM 2/17/05
3−2−8 Controlled Airspace
State/City Airport
Midland . . . . . . . . . . . . . International
San Antonio . . . . . . . . . International
VERMONT
Burlington . . . . . . . . . . . International
VIRGIN ISLANDS
St. Thomas . . . . . . . . . . Charlotte Amalie Cyril E. King
VIRGINIA
Richmond . . . . . . . . . . . Richard Evelyn Byrd
International
Norfolk . . . . . . . . . . . . . International
Roanoke . . . . . . . . . . . . Regional/Woodrum Field
WASHINGTON
Point Roberts . . . . . . . . Vancouver International
Spokane . . . . . . . . . . . . Fairchild AFB
Spokane . . . . . . . . . . . . International
Whidbey Island . . . . . . . NAS, Ault Field
WEST VIRGINIA
Charleston . . . . . . . . . . . Yeager
WISCONSIN
Green Bay . . . . . . . . . . . Austin Straubel International
Madison . . . . . . . . . . . . Dane County Regional−Traux
Field
Milwaukee . . . . . . . . . . General Mitchell International
3−2−5. Class D Airspace
a. Definition. Generally, that airspace from the
surface to 2,500 feet above the airport elevation
(charted in MSL) surrounding those airports that have
an operational control tower. The configuration of
each Class D airspace area is individually tailored and
when instrument procedures are published, the
airspace will normally be designed to contain the
procedures.
b. Operating Rules and Pilot/Equipment
Requirements:
1. Pilot Certification. No specific certification
required.
2. Equipment. Unless otherwise authorized
by ATC, an operable two−way radio is required.
3. Arrival or Through Flight Entry Requirements.
Two−way radio communication must be
established with the ATC facility providing ATC
services prior to entry and thereafter maintain those
communications while in the Class D airspace. Pilots
of arriving aircraft should contact the control tower
on the publicized frequency and give their position,
altitude, destination, and any request(s). Radio
contact should be initiated far enough from the
Class D airspace boundary to preclude entering the
Class D airspace before two−way radio communications
are established.
NOTE−
1. If the controller responds to a radio call with, “[aircraft
callsign] standby,” radio communications have been
established and the pilot can enter the Class D airspace.
2. If workload or traffic conditions prevent immediate
entry into Class D airspace, the controller will inform the
pilot to remain outside the Class D airspace until
conditions permit entry.
EXAMPLE−
1. “[Aircraft callsign] remain outside the Class Delta
airspace and standby.”
It is important to understand that if the controller responds
to the initial radio call without using the aircraft callsign,
radio communications have not been established and the
pilot may not enter the Class D airspace.
2. “Aircraft calling Manassas tower standby.”
At those airports where the control tower does not operate
24 hours a day, the operating hours of the tower will be
listed on the appropriate charts and in the A/FD. During
the hours the tower is not in operation, the Class E surface
area rules or a combination of Class E rules to 700 feet
above ground level and Class G rules to the surface will
become applicable. Check the A/FD for specifics.
4. Departures from:
(a) A primary or satellite airport with an
operating control tower. Two-way radio communications
must be established and maintained with the
control tower, and thereafter as instructed by ATC
while operating in the Class D airspace.
(b) A satellite airport without an operating
control tower. Two-way radio communications must
be established as soon as practicable after departing
with the ATC facility having jurisdiction over the
Class D airspace as soon as practicable after
departing.
5. Aircraft Speed. Unless otherwise authorized
or required by ATC, no person may operate an
aircraft at or below 2,500 feet above the surface
within 4 nautical miles of the primary airport of a
　
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