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(charted in MSL) surrounding those airports that have
an operational control tower, are serviced by a radar
approach control, and that have a certain number of
IFR operations or passenger enplanements. Although
the configuration of each Class C airspace area is
individually tailored, the airspace usually consists of
a 5 NM radius core surface area that extends from the
surface up to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation,
and a 10 NM radius shelf area that extends no lower
than 1,200 feet up to 4,000 feet above the airport
elevation.
b. Charts. Class C airspace is charted on
Sectional Charts, IFR En Route Low Altitude, and
Terminal Area Charts where appropriate.
c. Operating Rules and Pilot/Equipment
Requirements:
1. Pilot Certification. No specific certification
required.
2. Equipment.
(a) Two-way radio; and
(b) Unless otherwise authorized by ATC, an
operable radar beacon transponder with automatic
altitude reporting equipment.
NOTE−
See paragraph 4−1−19, Transponder Operation,
subparagraph f2(c) for Mode C transponder requirements
for operating above Class C airspace.
3. Arrival or Through Flight Entry Requirements.
Two-way radio communication must be
established with the ATC facility providing ATC
services prior to entry and thereafter maintain those
2/17/05 AIM
Controlled Airspace 3−2−5
communications while in Class C airspace. Pilots of
arriving aircraft should contact the Class C airspace
ATC facility on the publicized frequency and give
their position, altitude, radar beacon code, destination,
and request Class C service. Radio contact
should be initiated far enough from the Class C
airspace boundary to preclude entering Class C
airspace before two-way radio communications are
established.
NOTE−
1. If the controller responds to a radio call with, “(aircraft
callsign) standby,” radio communications have been
established and the pilot can enter the Class C airspace.
2. If workload or traffic conditions prevent immediate
provision of Class C services, the controller will inform the
pilot to remain outside the Class C airspace until
conditions permit the services to be provided.
3. It is important to understand that if the controller
responds to the initial radio call without using the aircraft
identification, radio communications have not been
established and the pilot may not enter the Class C
airspace.
4. Though not requiring regulatory action, Class C
airspace areas have a procedural Outer Area. Normally
this area is 20 NM from the primary Class C airspace
airport. Its vertical limit extends from the lower limits of
radio/radar coverage up to the ceiling of the approach
control’s delegated airspace, excluding the Class C
airspace itself, and other airspace as appropriate. (This
outer area is not charted.)
5. Pilots approaching an airport with Class C service
should be aware that if they descend below the base altitude
of the 5 to 10 mile shelf during an instrument or visual
approach, they may encounter nontransponder, VFR
aircraft.
EXAMPLE−
1. [Aircraft callsign] “remain outside the Class Charlie
airspace and standby.”
2. “Aircraft calling Dulles approach control, standby.”
4. Departures from:
(a) A primary or satellite airport with an
operating control tower. Two-way radio communications
must be established and maintained with the
control tower, and thereafter as instructed by ATC
while operating in Class C airspace.
(b) A satellite airport without an operating
control tower. Two-way radio communications must
be established as soon as practicable after departing
with the ATC facility having jurisdiction over the
Class C airspace.
5. Aircraft Speed. Unless otherwise authorized
or required by ATC, no person may operate an
aircraft at or below 2,500 feet above the surface
within 4 nautical miles of the primary airport of a
Class C airspace area at an indicated airspeed of more
than 200 knots (230 mph).
d. Air Traffic Services. When two-way radio
communications and radar contact are established, all
participating VFR aircraft are:
1. Sequenced to the primary airport.
2. Provided Class C services within the Class C
airspace and the outer area.
3. Provided basic radar services beyond the
outer area on a workload permitting basis. This can be
terminated by the controller if workload dictates.
e. Aircraft Separation. Separation is provided
within the Class C airspace and the outer area after
　
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