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Class B airspace in recent years.
c. Class B Airspace VFR Transition Routes.
1. To accommodate VFR traffic through certain
Class B airspace, such as Seattle, Phoenix and
Los Angeles, Class B Airspace VFR Transition
Routes were developed. A Class B Airspace VFR
Transition Route is defined as a specific flight course
depicted on a TAC for transiting a specific Class B
airspace. These routes include specific ATC-assigned
altitudes, and pilots must obtain an ATC clearance
prior to entering Class B airspace on the route.
2. These routes, as depicted in FIG 3−5−3, are
designed to show the pilot where to position the
aircraft outside of, or clear of, the Class B airspace
where an ATC clearance can normally be expected
with minimal or no delay. Until ATC authorization is
received, pilots must remain clear of Class B
airspace. On initial contact, pilots should advise ATC
of their position, altitude, route name desired, and
direction of flight. After a clearance is received, pilots
must fly the route as depicted and, most importantly,
adhere to ATC instructions.
AIM 2/19/04
3−5−8 Other Airspace Areas
FIG 3−5−3
VFR Transition Route
2/19/04 AIM
Other Airspace Areas 3−5−9
3−5−6. Terminal Radar Service Area (TRSA)
a. Background. TRSAs were originally established
as part of the Terminal Radar Program at
selected airports. TRSAs were never controlled
airspace from a regulatory standpoint because the
establishment of TRSAs was never subject to the
rulemaking process; consequently, TRSAs are not
contained in 14 CFR Part 71 nor are there any TRSA
operating rules in 14 CFR Part 91. Part of the Airport
Radar Service Area (ARSA) program was to
eventually replace all TRSAs. However, the ARSA
requirements became relatively stringent and it was
subsequently decided that TRSAs would have to
meet ARSA criteria before they would be converted.
TRSAs do not fit into any of the U.S. airspace classes;
therefore, they will continue to be non−Part 71
airspace areas where participating pilots can receive
additional radar services which have been redefined
as TRSA Service.
b. TRSAs. The primary airport(s) within the
TRSA become(s) Class D airspace. The remaining
portion of the TRSA overlies other controlled
airspace which is normally Class E airspace
beginning at 700 or 1,200 feet and established to
transition to/from the en route/terminal environment.
c. Participation. Pilots operating under VFR are
encouraged to contact the radar approach control and
avail themselves of the TRSA Services. However,
participation is voluntary on the part of the pilot. See
Chapter 4, Air Traffic Control, for details and
procedures.
d. Charts. TRSAs are depicted on VFR sectional
and terminal area charts with a solid black line and
altitudes for each segment. The Class D portion is
charted with a blue segmented line.
3−5−7. National Security Areas
National Security Areas consist of airspace of defined
vertical and lateral dimensions established at
locations where there is a requirement for increased
security and safety of ground facilities. Pilots are
requested to voluntarily avoid flying through the
depicted NSA. When it is necessary to provide a
greater level of security and safety, flight in NSAs
may be temporarily prohibited by regulation under
the provisions of 14 CFR Section 99.7. Regulatory
prohibitions will be issued by ATA−400 and
disseminated via NOTAM. Inquiries about NSAs
should be directed to the Airspace and Rules
Division, ATA−400.

2/19/04 AIM
Services Available to Pilots 4−1−1
Chapter 4. Air Traffic Control
Section 1. Services Available to Pilots
4−1−1. Air Route Traffic Control Centers
Centers are established primarily to provide air traffic
service to aircraft operating on IFR flight plans within
controlled airspace, and principally during the en
route phase of flight.
4−1−2. Control Towers
Towers have been established to provide for a safe,
orderly and expeditious flow of traffic on and in the
vicinity of an airport. When the responsibility has
been so delegated, towers also provide for the
separation of IFR aircraft in the terminal areas.
REFERENCE−
AIM, Approach Control, Paragraph 5−4−3.
4−1−3. Flight Service Stations
a. Flight Service Stations (FSSs) are air traffic
facilities which provide pilot briefings, en route
communications and VFR search and rescue
　
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