曝光臺 注意防騙 網曝天貓店富美金盛家居專營店坑蒙拐騙欺詐消費者

operational reports are used. PIREPs include reports of strong frontal activity, squall lines,
thunderstorms, light to severe icing, wind shear and turbulence (including clear air turbulence) of
moderate or greater intensity, volcanic eruptions and volcanic ash clouds, and other conditions
pertinent to flight safety. They may include information on ceilings, visibility, thunderstorms, icing
of light degree or greater, wind shear and its effect on airspeed, or volcanic ash clouds, but do not
usually include air temperature.
Air−taxiing In the U.S., the term “hover taxi” is sometimes used to indicate the ICAO term “air−taxiing.”
Additionally, in the U.S., air taxi is used to indicate certain commercial aircraft operations. For those
operations, usually a special call sign is used, or the prefix “Tango” is added to the aircraft call sign.
ALERFA The U.S. does not use the code words ALERFA, DETRESFA, and INCERFA to designate an alert
phase, a distress phase, or an uncertainty phase in domestic airspace. The U.S. uses information
request (INREQ) and alert notice (ALNOT) in domestic airspace.
Area control
service
The U.S. does not use the term “area control service” to indicate controlled flight in controlled
areas.
ATS route In U.S. domestic airspace, the term “ATS route” is not used. Routes in the U.S. include VOR
airways, jet routes, substitute routes, off−airway routes, RNAV routes and colored airways. The U.S.
also uses instrument departure procedures (DPs), and standard terminal arrivals (STARs).
Automatic
dependent
surveillance
(ADS)
The U.S. has not yet published ATS procedures for the use of Automatic Dependent Surveillance
(ADS).
Control zone The U.S. uses “surface area” in place of the ICAO term “control zone.” Surface area is defined as
the airspace contained by the lateral boundary of the Class B, C, D or E airspace designated for an
airport that begins at the surface and extends upward.
Controlled
airspace
The U.S. uses the following definition of controlled airspace found in 14 CFR Section 1.1:
“Controlled airspace means an airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control
service is provided to IFR flights and to VFR flights in accordance with the airspace classification.”
Cruising level The U.S. uses the term “cruising altitude.”
Decision
altitude
Approach with vertical guidance (VNAV).
DETRESFA See ALERFA.
Flight
information
centre
In the U.S., the services provided by flight information centers (FICs) are conducted by air traffic
control (ATC) facilities, automated flight service stations (AFSSs), and rescue coordination centers
(RCCs).
31 JULY 08
AIP
United States of America
GEN 1.7−13
15 MAR 07
Federal Aviation Administration Nineteenth Edition
Glide path The U.S. uses “glideslope” rather than “glide path” although the terms are sometimes
interchangeable. For the U.S., a glideslope provides vertical guidance for aircraft during approach
and landing.
Holding point The U.S. uses “holding fix” rather than “holding point.”
Holding
procedure
In the U.S., a hold procedure is also used during ground operations to keep aircraft within a
specified area or at a specified point while awaiting further clearance from air traffic control.
INCERFA See ALERFA.
Level The U.S. uses “altitude” or “flight level” rather than “level.”
Movement area In the U.S., the “movement area” is equivalent to the ICAO “maneuvering area” which does not
include parking areas.
Pilot−in−
Command
Designated by operator, or in the case of general aviation, the owner, as being in command and
charged with the safe conduct of a flight.
Slush In the U.S., “slush” is not used as a weather phenomena.
Standard
instrument
arrival (STAR)
The U.S. uses the acronym STAR to define a standard terminal arrival.
Standard
instrument
departure (SID)
The U.S. uses the term departure procedure (DP) in lieu of SID.
Stopway The U.S. does not define a stopway as a rectangular area.
Taxi−holding
position
In the U.S., “taxi into position and hold” means taxi onto the departure runway in take−off position
and hold while the ICAO “taxi−holding position” or “taxi−holding point” is a designated position
that provides adequate clearance from a runway.
Terminal
control area
In the U.S., the term “terminal control area” has been replaced by “Class B airspace.” Standard IFR
　
中國航空網 www.k6050.com
航空翻譯 www.aviation.cn
本文鏈接地址：AIP航行情報匯編1(32)