(a) From the same threshold.
(b)
On a crossing runway and projected flight paths will cross.
(c)
From the threshold of a parallel runway when staggered ahead of that of the adjacent runway by less than 500 feet and when the runways are separated by less than 2,500 feet
(2)
3 minute interval will be provided when a small aircraft will takeoff:
(a)
From an intersection on the same runway (same or opposite direction) behind a departing large aircraft.
(b)
In the opposite direction on the same runway behind a large aircraft takeoff or low/missed approach.
(c)
A 3 minute interval will be provided for all aircraft taking off (same above) when the preceding aircraft is a heavy/B757 jet, and the operations are on either the same runway or parallel runways separated by less than 2,500 feet.
b ICAO:
(1)
Arriving aircraft, for timed approaches, the following minima shall apply:
(a)
Medium aircraft behind Heavy aircraft - 2 minutes
(b)
Light aircraft behind a Heavy or Medium aircraft - 3 minutes
(2)
Departing Aircraft, a minimum of 2 minutes shall be applied between a Light or Medium aircraft taking off behind a Heavy aircraft or a Light aircraft taking off behind a Medium aircraft when the aircraft are using:
(a) the same runway
(b)
parallel runways if the projected flight path of the second aircraft will cross the projected flight path of the first aircraft at the same altitude or less than 300m (1000 ft) below
(c)
parallel runways separated by 760m or more, if the projected flight path of the first aircraft at the same altitude or less than 300m (1000 ft) below.
(3)
A separation minimum of 3 minutes shall be applied between a LIGHT or MEDIUM aircraft when taking off behind a HEAVY aircraft or a LIGHT aircraft when taking off behind a MEDIUM aircraft from:
(a)
an intermediate part of the same runway; or
(b)
an intermediate part of a parallel runway separated by less than 760m.
(4) Displaced landing threshold, a separation minimum of 2 minutes shall be applied between a LIGHT or MEDIUM aircraft and a HEAVY aircraft and between a LIGHT aircraft and a MEDIUM aircraft when operating on a runway with a displaced landing threshold when:
(a)
a departing LIGHT or MEDIUM aircraft follows a HEAVY aircraft arrival and a departing LIGHT aircraft follows a MEDIUM aircraft arrival; or
(b)
an arriving LIGHT or MEDIUM aircraft follows a HEAVY aircraft departure and an arriving LIGHT aircraft follows a MEDIUM aircraft departure if the projected flight paths are expected to cross.
(5)
Opposite direction, a separation minimum of 2 minutes shall be applied between a LIGHT or MEDIUM aircraft and a HEAVY aircraft and between a LIGHT aircraft and a MEDIUM aircraft when the heavier aircraft is making a low or missed approach and the lighter aircraft is:
(a)
utilizing an opposite-direction runway for take-off; or
(b)
landing on the same runway in the opposite direction, or on parallel opposite-direction runway separated by less than 760m
Note: When operating outside the United States, expect ICAO standards.
(d) VORTEX AVOIDANCE PROCEDURES
1 General. Under certain conditions, airport traffic controllers apply procedures for separating aircraft from heavy jet aircraft. The controllers will also provide VFR aircraft, with whom they are in communication and which in the tower's opinion may be adversely affected by wake turbulence from a large aircraft, the position, altitude and direction of flight of the large aircraft followed by the phrase "CAUTION, WAKE TURBULENCE." whether or not a warning has been given, however, the pilot is expected to adjust his Operations and flight path as necessary to preclude serious wake encounters. 中國航空網(wǎng) www.k6050.com 航空翻譯 www.aviation.cn 本文鏈接地址：FLIGHT INFORMATION PUBLICATION GENERAL PLANNING(151)
