(d)
CLASS D: Generally, that airspace from the surface to 2,500 feet above the airport elevation (charted in MSL) surrounding those airports that have an operational control tower. The configuration of each Class D airspace area is individually tailored and when instrument procedures are published, the airspace will normally be designed to contain the procedures. Arrival extensions for instrument approach procedures may be

Class D or Class E airspace. Unless otherwise authorized, each person must establish two-way radio communications with the ATC facility providing air traffic services prior to entering the airspace and thereafter maintain those communications while in the airspace. No separation services are provided to VFR aircraft.
(e) CLASS E: Generally, if the airspace is not Class A, Class B, Class C, or Class D, and it is controlled airspace, it is Class E airspace. Class E airspace extends upward from either the surface or a designated altitude to the overlying or adjacent controlled airspace. When designated as a surface area, the airspace will be configured to contain all instrument procedures. Also in this class are Federal airways, airspace beginning at either 700 or 1,200 feet AGL used to transition to/from the terminal or enroute environment, enroute domestic, and offshore airspace areas designated below 18,000 feet MSL. Unless designated at a lower altitude, Class E airspace begins at 14,500 feet MSL over the United States, including that airspace overlying the waters within 12 nautical miles of the coast of the 48 contiguous States and Alaska, up to, but not including 18,000 feet MSL, and the airspace above FL600.
NOTE: See the United States entry in AP/1 for types of United States controlled airspace.
CONTROLLED AIRSPACE (JCS, NATO, ICAO) - Airspace of defined dimensions within which Air Traffic Control service is provided to controlled flights.
(1)
CONTROL AREA (JCS, NATO, ICAO) - A controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified limit above the earth.

(2)
CONTROL ZONE (JCS, NATO, ICAO) - A controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the earth to a specified upper limit.

(3)
TERMINAL CONTROL AREA (JCS) - A control area or a portion thereof normally situated at the confluence of air traffic service routes in the vicinity of one or more major airfields.

(4)
TERMINAL CONTROL AREA (NATO, ICAO) - A control area normally established at the confluence of Air Traffic Service (ATS) routes in the vicinity of one or more major airfields (aerodromes).

NOTE: Refer to ICAO Annex II for definition of controlled airspace classes.
CONTROLLED DEPARTURE TIME (CDT) PROGRAMS - These programs are the flow control process whereby aircraft are held on the ground at the departure airport when delays are projected to occur in either the enroute system or the terminal of intended landing. The purpose of these programs is to reduce congestion in the air traffic system or to limit the duration of airborne holding in the arrival center or terminal area. A CDT is a specific departure slot shown on the flight plan as an expected departure clearance time (EDCT).
CONTROLLER - (See Air Traffic Control Specialist)
CONTROLLER PILOT DATA LINK COMMUNICATIONS (CPDLC) - Provides services to FANS-1 (or other format compatible to FANS-1) equipped aircraft beyond the range of existing radar and VHF voice communications through satellite data links. Provides emergency alerting, Pilot-to-Controller down link of position reports and clearance request, Controller-to-Pilot up link of ATC clearances and instructions and free text as a supplement to pre-formatted message elements.
CONVECTIVE SIGMET/WST/CONVECTIVE SIGNIFICANT METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION - A weather advisory concerning convective weather significant to the safety of all aircraft. Convective SIGMETs are issued for tornadoes; lines of thunderstorms, embedded thunderstorms of any intensity level; areas of thunderstorms greater than or equal to VIP level 4 with an area coverage of 4/10 (40 percent) or more, and hail 3/4 inch or greater. (See SIGMET, Center Weather Advisory, Severe Weather Forecast Alerts, and AIRMET).
　
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