曝光臺 注意防騙 網曝天貓店富美金盛家居專營店坑蒙拐騙欺詐消費者

navigation and to foster planning and development of
international civil air transport.
a. Regions include:
1. African‐Indian Ocean Region
2. Caribbean Region
3. European Region
4. Middle East/Asia Region
5. North American Region
6. North Atlantic Region
7. Pacific Region
8. South American Region
INTERNATIONAL FLIGHT INFORMATION
MANUAL- A publication designed primarily as a
pilot's preflight planning guide for flights into
foreign airspace and for flights returning to the U.S.
from foreign locations.
INTERROGATOR- The ground‐based surveillance
radar beacon transmitter‐receiver, which normally
scans in synchronism with a primary radar,
transmitting discrete radio signals which repetitiously
request all transponders on the mode being used to
reply. The replies received are mixed with the
primary radar returns and displayed on the same plan
position indicator (radar scope). Also, applied to the
airborne element of the TACAN/DME system.
(See TRANSPONDER.)
(Refer to AIM.)
INTERSECTING RUNWAYS- Two or more
runways which cross or meet within their lengths.
(See INTERSECTION.)
INTERSECTIONa.
A point defined by any combination of courses,
radials, or bearings of two or more navigational aids.
b. Used to describe the point where two runways,
a runway and a taxiway, or two taxiways cross or
meet.
INTERSECTION DEPARTURE- A departure from
any runway intersection except the end of the runway.
(See INTERSECTION.)
INTERSECTION TAKEOFF-
(See INTERSECTION DEPARTURE.)
IR-
(See IFR MILITARY TRAINING ROUTES.)
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
-2
2/14/08 Pilot/Controller Glossary
PCG J-1
J
JAMMING- Electronic or mechanical interference
which may disrupt the display of aircraft on radar or
the transmission/reception of radio communications/
navigation.
JET BLAST- Jet engine exhaust (thrust stream
turbulence).
(See WAKE TURBULENCE.)
JET ROUTE- A route designed to serve aircraft
operations from 18,000 feet MSL up to and including
flight level 450. The routes are referred to as “J”
routes with numbering to identify the designated
route; e.g., J105.
(See Class A AIRSPACE.)
(Refer to 14 CFR Part 71.)
JET STREAM- A migrating stream of high‐speed
winds present at high altitudes.
JETTISONING OF EXTERNAL STORES- Airborne
release of external stores; e.g., tiptanks,
ordnance.
(See FUEL DUMPING.)
(Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.)
JOINT USE RESTRICTED AREA-
(See RESTRICTED AREA.)
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
-2
2/14/08 Pilot/Controller Glossary
PCG K-1
K
KNOWN TRAFFIC- With respect to ATC clearances,
means aircraft whose altitude, position, and
intentions are known to ATC.
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
-2
2/14/08 Pilot/Controller Glossary
PCG L-1
L
LAA-
(See LOCAL AIRPORT ADVISORY.)
LAAS-
(See LOW ALTITUDE ALERT SYSTEM.)
LAHSO- An acronym for “Land and Hold Short
Operation.” These operations include landing and
holding short of an intersecting runway, a taxiway, a
predetermined point, or an approach/departure
flightpath.
LAHSO‐DRY- Land and hold short operations on
runways that are dry.
LAHSO‐WET- Land and hold short operations on
runways that are wet (but not contaminated).
LAND AND HOLD SHORT OPERATIONSOperations
which include simultaneous takeoffs and
landings and/or simultaneous landings when a
landing aircraft is able and is instructed by the
controller to hold‐short of the intersecting runway/
taxiway or designated hold‐short point. Pilots are
expected to promptly inform the controller if the hold
short clearance cannot be accepted.
(See PARALLEL RUNWAYS.)
(Refer to AIM.)
LANDING AREA- Any locality either on land,
water, or structures, including airports/heliports and
intermediate landing fields, which is used, or
intended to be used, for the landing and takeoff of
aircraft whether or not facilities are provided for the
shelter, servicing, or for receiving or discharging
passengers or cargo.
(See ICAO term LANDING AREA.)
LANDING AREA [ICAO]- That part of a movement
area intended for the landing or take‐off of aircraft.
LANDING DIRECTION INDICATOR- A device
which visually indicates the direction in which
landings and takeoffs should be made.
(See TETRAHEDRON.)
(Refer to AIM.)
LANDING DISTANCE AVAILABLE [ICAO]- The
length of runway which is declared available and
suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane landing.
　
中國航空網 www.k6050.com
航空翻譯 www.aviation.cn
本文鏈接地址：Air Traffic Control空中交通管制2(124)