Glossary of terms and Abbreviations
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AIRBUS INDUSTRIE Getting to Grips with
 Flight Operations Support Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction

Definition 
TAWS  Terrain Awareness and Warning System TAWS is the term used by the European JAA and the U.S. FAA to describe equipment meeting ICAO standards and recommendations for ground-proximity warning system (GPWS) equipment that provides predictive terrain-hazard warnings Enhanced-GPWS ( EGPWS ) and ground collision avoidance system ( ACAS ) are other terms used to describe TAWS equipment 
Traffic Collision Avoidance System ( see also ACAS ) 
TDWR  Terminal Doppler Weather Radar Weather radar capable of detecting areas of wind shear activity 
Touch Down Zone 
TDZE  Touch Down Zone Elevation 
U.S. Standard for Terminal Instrument Approach Procedures ( FAR - Part 97 ) 
TO WPT  Waypoint of the F-PLN flight plan considered by the FMS for immediate lateral navigation guidance ( in case of incorrect flight plan sequencing, the TO WPT may happen to be behind the aircraft ) 
Top Of Descent 
Transition  A mode transition is a manual or automatic changeover from one AP mode to another mode, resulting from: - a pilot action ( e.g., the selection of a new mode on the FCU, as appropriate for   the task or following an ATC instruction ); or, - an automatic mode sequencing resulting from a prior mode selection involving several mode changes in sequence ( e.g., altitude capture changeover to altitude  hold or selected heading changeover to localizer capture then to localizer tracking ) 
Final Approach Speed 
V MCL  Minimum control speed in landing configuration with the critical engine inoperative 

Glossary of terms and Abbreviations
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AIRBUS INDUSTRIE Getting to Grips with
 Flight Operations Support Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction

Definition 
Reference approach speed ( also referred to as threshold reference speed or target threshold speed ) 
V stall  Stalling speed ( in a specified configuration ) 
Vertical speed or AP Vertical Speed mode 
VASI  Visual Approach Indicator 
Visual Descent / Decision Point 
Vertical Navigation  FMS-managed vertical navigation 
Visual Flying Rules 
VHF  Very High Frequency 
Visual Meteorological Conditions 
VOR  VHF Omni Range 
- Collocated VOR and DME navaids 
WAAS  GPS Wide Area [accuracy] Augmentation System 
World Meteorological Organization 

Glossary of terms and Abbreviations
Page 13

AIRBUS INDUSTRIE Getting to Grips with
 Flight Operations Support                       Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction

AIRBUS INDUSTRIE Getting to Grips with
 Flight Operations Support Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction

Introduction  Statistical Data
Strict adherence to suitable standard operating procedures (SOPs) and normal checklists is an effective method to prevent approach-and-landing accidents, including those involving CFIT.
Without strict adherence to SOPs, the implementation of good crew resources management (CRM) practices is not possible.
This Briefing Note provides an overview of the following aspects:
.  
Establishment and use of (SOPs);

.  
Training aspects; and,

.  
Factors and conditions that may affect the compliance with published rules and procedures.

% of Events 
Omission of action or inappropriate action  72 % 
　
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