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Abnormal or emergency situations (e.g., cabin depressurization, on-ground emergency / evacuation, crew incapacitation, forced landing or ditching, etc).

Harmonization of Standard Calls
The harmonization of standard calls across various aircraft fleets (from the same or from different aircraft manufacturers) is desirable but should not be an overriding demand.
Standard calls across fleets are only essential for crewmembers operating different fleets (i.e., for communications between cockpit and cabin or between cockpit and ground).
Within the cockpit, pilots need to use standard calls appropriate for the flightdeck and systems design.
With the exception of aircraft models with cockpit commonality, cockpit layouts and systems are not the same and, thus, similarities as well as differences should be recognized alike.

Getting to Grips with                                 Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction
When defining standard calls, standardization and operational efficiency should be carefully balanced.
Summary of key points
Standard Calls ensure effective crew interaction and communication.
The Call / Command and the Response / Acknowledgement are of equal importance to guarantee a timely action or correction.
Associated Briefing Notes
The following Briefing Notes can be reviewed along with the above information in order to expand a particular topic:
.  
1.1 - Operating Philosophy – SOPs,

.  
1.2 - Optimum Use of Automation,

.  
1.3 - Operations Golden Rules,

.  
1.5 - Use of Normal Checklists,

.  
2.3 - Effective Crew/ATC Communications,

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2.4 - Intra-cockpit Communications – Managing Interruptions and Distractions.

Regulatory references
.  
ICAO – Annex 6 – Operation of Aircraft, Part I – International Commercial Air transport – Aeroplanes, Appendix 2, 5.13.

.  
ICAO – Preparation of an Operations Manual (Doc 9376).

.  
JAR-OPS 1.1045 and associated Appendix 1 – Operations Manuals – structure and contents.

Other References
.  U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) – Special Report NTSB-AAS-76-5 – Special Study: Flightcrew Coordination Procedures in Air Carrier Instrument Landing System Approach Accidents.
Standard Calls
Page 3

AIRBUS INDUSTRIE Getting to Grips with
 Flight Operations Support Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction

Introduction
Strict adherence to suitable standard operating procedures (SOPs) and associated normal checklists is a major contribution to preventing and reducing approach-and-landing accidents.
This Briefing Note provides an overview of:
.  
The scope and use of normal checklists; and,

.  
The factors and conditions that may affect the normal flow and completion of normal checklists.

Statistical Data
The omission of an action or an inappropriate action is the largest primary causal factor in approach-and-landing accidents.
Omission of an action or inappropriate action is:
.  
A causal factor, along with other causal factors, in 45 % of fatal approach-and-landing accidents; and,

.  
A factor, to some degree, in 70 % of all approach-and-landing events.

Use of Normal Checklists
SOPs should be accomplished by recall using a defined flow pattern for each cockpit panel; safety-critical points (i.e., primarily items related to aircraft configuration) should be cross-checked with reference to Normal Checklists.
　
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