.  
Selection of the FCU altitude to any altitude below the final approach intercept altitude during approach;

.  
Insertion of an erroneous waypoint;

.  
Arming of the lateral navigation mode with an incorrect active waypoint (i.e., an incorrect TO waypoint);

.  
Preoccupation with FMS programming during a critical flight phase, with consequent loss of situational awareness;

                                                                                       Getting to Grips with                                            Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction
.  
Insufficient understanding of mode transitions and mode reversions (i.e., mode confusion);

.  
Inadequate task sharing and/or CRM practices preventing the PF from monitoring the flight path and airspeed;

(e.g., both pilots being engaged in the management of automation or in solving an unanticipated situation or abnormal condition);

.  
Engaging the AP with the aircraft in an out-of-trim condition (conventional aircraft only);

.  
Failure to arm the approach mode; and/or,

.  
Failure to set the correct final approach course.

Recommendations for Optimum Use of Automation
Correct use of automated systems reduces workload and significantly improves the flight crew time and resources for responding to:
.  
An unanticipated change; or,

.  
An abnormal or emergency condition. 

During line operations, AP and A/THR should be engaged throughout the flight especially in marginal weather conditions or when operating into an unfamiliar airport. 
Using AP and A/THR also enables flight crew to pay more attention to ATC communications and to other aircraft, particularly in congested terminal areas and at high-density airports. 
AP and A/THR should be used during a go-around and missed-approach to reduce workload.
FMS lateral navigation should be used to reduce workload and risk of CFIT during go-around if :
.  
Applicable missed-approach procedure is included in the FMS flight plan; and,

.  
FMS navigation accuracy has been confirmed.

Optimum Use of Automation
Page 5

AIRBUS INDUSTRIE                                                                                       Getting to Grips with
    Flight Operations Support                                            Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction

The safe and efficient use and management of AP, A/THR and FMS are based on the following three-step technique:
　
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