.  
Simulator with enhanced visual capability.

Whenever warranted, new pilots should conduct a route familiarization check:

.  
As flight crewmember with a check airman; or,

.  
As observer with a qualified flightcrew.

CFIT Training program:
The CFIT training module should include the following academic and maneuvering aspects:
.  Understanding each GPWS mode, this should include: . Associated operational scenario(s); . Protection envelope: °. aircraft configuration (i.e., landing gear, flaps); °. barometric altitude range or radio-
altitude range; and/or
°. airspeed range;

.  Alert or warning activation:
°. barometric-altitude loss;
°. vertical speed;
°. radio-altimeter closure rate;
°. radio altitude; or
°. glide slope deviation;

                                                                                       Getting to Grips with                                            Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction

.  Terrain avoidance (pull-up) maneuver ( see Briefing Note 6.3 – Response to GPWS – Pull-up Maneuver ).
Flight Overview
Cockpit Preparation – Departure Briefing
The computerized flight plan should be cross-checked against the ATC clearance and the FMS flight plan, using the SID and enroute charts, the FMS CDU and the ND to support and illustrate this cross-check.
The takeoff and departure briefing should include the following terrain-awareness-items, using all available charts and flight deck displays to support and illustrate the briefing:
.  
Significant terrain or obstacles along the intended departure course; and,

.  
SID routing and minimum safe altitudes.

Standard Instrument Departure - SID
When flying a published SID, flight crew should:
.  
Be aware of whether or not the departure is radar-monitored by ATC;

.  
Maintain a sterile cockpit until reaching 10 000 ft or the sector minimum safe altitude, particularly at night or in IMC;

.  
Monitor the correct sequencing of the flight plan at each waypoint and the correct guidance after sequencing the waypoint, particularly after a flight plan revision or after performing a DIR TO:

.  Ensure that the direction of turn and the TO waypoint are in accordance with the SID.
.  In case of incorrect flight plan sequencing and/or of incorrect lateral guidance, crew should be alert to perform a DIR TO [an appropriate waypoint] or to revert to selected lateral navigation.

Enroute Navigation
The enroute charts should be readily accessible, in readiness for a possible loss of FMS navigation or if any doubt exists about the FMS lateral guidance.

Terrain Awareness – When and How ?
Page 4

Flight Progress Monitoring
During climb, cruise and descent, flight crew should:
.  
Monitor FMS guidance and navigation accuracy;

.  
Monitor instruments and navaids raw data (as applicable);

.  
Use all available information (i.e., cockpit displays, navaids raw data and charts); and,

.  
Request confirmation or clarification from ATC if any doubt exists about terrain clearance, particularly when being radar vectored.
　
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