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Workload management demands clear prioritisation of primary and secondary operational tasks. Based on sound planning, tasks should be distributed appropriately among the crew. Signs of stress and fatigue should be communicated and taken into account. Available external and internal resources (including automation) should be used to accomplish timely task completion.
Examples of poor practice:
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Flying solo without other crew members involved

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Allowing secondary operational tasks to interfere with primary flight duties

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Inadequate workload planning

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Ignoring signs of stress and fatigue
Examples of good practice:

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Distributes tasks among the crew, checks and corrects appropriately

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Secondary operational tasks are prioritised to retain sufficient resources for primary flight duties

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Allocates enough time to complete tasks

 

Situation Awareness
Situation awareness relates to one's ability to accurately perceive what is in the cockpit and outside the aircraft. It is also one's ability to comprehend the meaning of different elements in the environment and the projection of their status in the near future.
Awareness of aircraft systems
The crew needs to be constantly aware of the state of different aircraft systems.
Examples of poor practice:
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Does not ask for updates

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Does not signal awareness of changing systems

Examples of good practice:

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Monitors and reports changes in system states

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Acknowledges entries and changes to systems Awareness of external environment The crew needs to be aware of their environment (position, weather, air traffic,

terrain).
Examples of poor practice:

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Does not acknowledge - repeat ATC directions

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Does not enquire about environmental changes

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Does not comment on relevant environmental factors, or is surprised by them Examples of good practice:

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Collects information about the environment

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Contacts outside resources when necessary

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Shares information about the environment with others Awareness of time The crew needs not only to be aware of the present state of the aircraft systems and

environment, but must also be able to predict future states in order to anticipate future events.
Examples of poor practice: Does not set priorities with respect to time limits Does not discuss relationship between past events and present - future Is surprised by outcomes of past events
Examples of good practice:
Discusses contingency strategies
Identifies possible - future problems

Decision Making
Decision making is the process of reaching a judgement or choosing an option.
Problem definition and diagnosis
　
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