曝光臺(tái) 注意防騙 網(wǎng)曝天貓店富美金盛家居專(zhuān)營(yíng)店坑蒙拐騙欺詐消費(fèi)者

There is an FAA sponsored training manual "Guidelines for Situation Awareness Training" which CRM instructors may find useful. This document contains very practical information on how to design training and LOFT scenarios to help flight crew improve SA.
The ESSAI project has produced some useful material which might assist CRM trainers. Some of the material is in the form of computer based training (CBT), and includes video extracts, but was still under development at the time of writing this document. Further details can be found on the NLR website (www.nlr.nl).
There are some well-known incidents and accidents which illustrate poor SA, and which can be used an training examples. These include:
.  
Cali accident American Airlines flight 965, Dec 20, 1995;

.  
US Airforce accident, CT-43A (B737), near Dubrovnik, April 3, 1996.

 

References and Useful Additional Reading
a) NAWCTSD/UCF/FAA Guidelines for Situation Awareness Training. Prince, C.
b) Mica Endsley's Situation Awareness Technologies site www.satechnologies.com.
c) Endsley, M., Robertson, M. Training for Situation Awareness. In: Situation Awareness Analysis and Measurement. Endsley, M., Garland, D. (2000). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
d) Endsley, M. Theoretical underpinnings of Situation Awareness: a critical review. In: Situation Awareness Analysis and Measurement. Endsley, M., Garland, D. (2000). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
e) Endsley, M. Situation Awareness in Aviation Systems. Chapter 11 in: Garland, D., Wise, J., Hopkin, D. (Eds). Handbook of Human Factors. 1999. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
f) Flin, R., Salas, E., Strub, M., Martin, L. Decision Making Under Stress; Emerging Themes and Applications. 1997. Ashgate. ISBN 0-291-39856-1. Proceedings of a conference on Decision Making Under Stress.
g) Enhanced Safety through Situation Awareness Integration in Training (ESSAI) reports.
h) FAA. A review of Situation Awareness Literature Relevant to Pilot Surveillance Functions. Uhlarik, J. DOT/FAA/AM-02/3. March 2002.
i)  Approach and Landing Accident Reduction (ALAR) Toolkit. 2000/2001. Flight Safety Foundation www.flightsafety.org/pdf/alar_flyer.pdf.
j)  Turbofan Engine Malfunction Recognition and Response. November 2000. Training video and note. FAA http://www.faa.gov/certification/aircraft/ engine_malf_famil.doc.
k) AIA/ AECMA. Propulsion System Malfunction and Inappropriate Crew Response (PSM+ICR). Vol 1. November 1998.
Appendix 7  Communication, Teamwork, Leadership, Decision Making and Managerial Skills
1 Introduction
One of the basic underlying premises of CRM is that a team can, and should, perform better than two (or three) individuals in the cockpit. The aim of CRM is to ensure that 1+1>2, as opposed to 1+1<2 (in a two pilot cockpit), and that team performance takes precedence over individual performance. Good CRM is getting the balance right as a team, whilst recognising that the Captain has the final say and responsibility for the safety of the aircraft.
　
中國(guó)航空網(wǎng) www.k6050.com
航空翻譯 www.aviation.cn
本文鏈接地址：CAP 737 Crew Resource Management (CRM) Training 機(jī)組資源管理培訓(xùn)(68)