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miltiple choice test  12 
written exam  12 
oral feedback  76 
Behaviour 
behavioural marker system  23 
technical checklist  18.5 
informal feedback  58.5 
Organisation 
company climate survey  10 
safety performance  22 
incident reporting  23 
business performance  13 
confidential reporting  17 
technical performance  8 
other (all training audits)  7 
360o appraisal  1 

 

 

 

Appendix 1 CRM Skills and Example CRM Syllabi
ICAO Human Factors - Skill Requirement
The following text is taken directly from the ICAO Human Factors Manual (Doc 9683).
While the initial emphasis in human performance training should be upon knowledge and comprehension of basic Human factors, instructors must also bear in mind the need to develop appropriate operational behaviour and skills. In other words, to make this academic knowledge useful, pilots must develop those skills and attitudes necessary to maximise their operational performance. For example, a pilot with proper knowledge of physiology should be able to identify an unfit condition with potentially dangerous and undesirable consequences and elect not to fly, thus exercising what can be considered as a judgement skill. Obviously training activities directed towards the development of suitable attitudes and skills should always be given the highest possible priority.
Human Factors skill identification and training applications remain a relatively underdeveloped field in pilot training and can be expected to undergo considerable development in years to come. For many skills, the major training requirement will be to identify and specify suitable training materials and techniques, and to successfully integrate these into the ground and airborne training syllabi. In one major training school, for instance, the heading "pilot judgement" and supplementary notes have been included in all briefing and instructional materials, including those used during ground instruction. This serves as a trigger for instructors to discuss relevant pilot judgement skills.
The following is a list of Human Factors skills areas identified using the SHEL model (some skills are of necessity included in more than one interface). This guidance material may assist trainers with the identification of the required Human Factors skills, and should help to fill the void between the written word and its practical application. Possible skill areas for training development are:
Liveware-Liveware
.
communication skills

.
listening skills . observation skills . operational management skills; leadership and followership

.
problem solving

.
decision-making
Liveware-hardware
　
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