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14. Summary and washup  . frailty of human perception . memory/ recall . performance (variability) . need to be professional in CRM . be realistically aware of human error - encourage openness 
15. Course critique 

An Example CRM Syllabus from an Operator
Introductions  What is CRM and why do we study it? Statistics of accidents and causal relationship between accidents and various Human Factors elements. 
Legislation and brief mention of NOTECHS 
Human Information Processing  Take crews briefly through the flow diagram from sensors through to motor programmes and action (decision) include Perception. 
Communication  Basic Communication looking at Verbal 7% Vocal 38% Visual 55% and the 9 key elements including listening, pauses, eye contact, posture and facial expression . Peculiarities of Flight Deck Comms – lack of visual element with ATC, looking forward importance of appropriate assertiveness beware of barriers caused by authority gradient. 
Leadership/Followership  Both are skills they describe and share plans(mental models), they role model high standards, share, listen, adapt if other ideas are better. In addition the follower must allow the leader to lead but be assertive if the leader is wrong. 
Behaviour  Behaviour is a choice and behaviour breeds behaviour – look at types of behaviour and consider the most appropriate – assertive and why. 
Decision Making and Problem solving  Rule, skill, Knowledge based DM and the Problem solving loop. 
Human Error and the Error Chain 
Safety Culture and SOPS  Airline specific but stressing the need for good morale and it’s influence on attitudes and behaviour. Does a company pay lip service to safety and CRM or does it role model the good? 
Stress and Fatigue  Types of stress causes and coping strategies. Also applies to Fatigue include concept of good rest management and of inflight rest. 
Situational Awareness  Perceive, understand Project or ‘ knowing what is happening and what might happen’. Don’t forget the situation developing or existing between individuals on the flight deck. 
Automation  Benefits and pitfalls – link to sit awareness. 
NOTECHS  What it is and where it fits in. 

Appendix 2 Human Performance and Limitations
1 Introduction
All flight crew who have studied for PPL or ATPL should already be reasonably familiar with the theory of Human Performance and Limitations (HPL) and, in particular the basic aviation psychology, applicable to flying. CRM requires a reasonable understanding of such concepts as human information processing, attention and vigilance, decison making, communication, arousal and stress, and personality differences. It is important to appreciate that all humans have both physical and cognitive limitations, and to understand something about the nature of those limitations with respect to themselves and also to other crew members when flying in a multi-crew situation.
　
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