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the final approach course. These requirements are
necessary to stay within the protected airspace and
maintain adequate obstacle clearance. [Figure 5-29]
A minimum of 1,000 feet of obstacle clearance is provided in the procedure turn primary area. [Figure 5-30]
In the secondary area, 500 feet of obstacle clearance is
provided at the inner edge, tapering uniformly to zero
feet at the outer edge. The primary and secondary areas
determine obstacle clearance in both the entry and
maneuvering zones. The use of entry and maneuvering
zones provides further relief from obstacles. The entry
zone is established to control the obstacle clearance
prior to proceeding outbound from the procedure turn
fix. The maneuvering zone is established to control
obstacle clearance after proceeding outbound from the
procedure turn fix.
INITIAL APPROACH SEGMENT
The purpose of the initial approach segment is to
provide a method for aligning the aircraft with the
intermediate or final approach segment. This is
accomplished by using a DME arc, a course reversal,
such as a procedure turn or holding pattern, or by
following a terminal route that intersects the final
approach course. The initial approach segment
Obstacle
Primary Area
Secondary Area
Entry Zone
Maneuvering Zone
1000'
1000'
Altitude restricted until
departing IAF outbound.
1,000' Obstacle Clearance
500' — 0' Obstacle Clearance
Figure 5-30. Procedure Turn Obstacle Clearance.
Standard 45° Turn Teardrop Pattern
270°
225°
045°
090° 270°
Holding/Racetrack Pattern 80°/260° Course Reversal
260°
090°
170°
Figure 5-29. Course Reversal Methods.
5-41
begins at an IAF and usually ends where it joins the
intermediate approach segment or at an IF. The letters IAF on an approach chart indicate the location of an IAF and more than one may be available.
Course, distance, and minimum altitudes are also provided for initial approach segments. A given procedure may have several initial approach segments.
When more than one exists, each joins a common
intermediate segment, although not necessarily at the
same location.
Occasionally, a chart may depict an IAF, although there
is no initial approach segment for the procedure. This
usually occurs at a point located within the en route
structure where the intermediate segment begins. In this
situation, the IAF signals the beginning of the intermediate segment.
INTERMEDIATE APPROACH SEGMENT
The intermediate segment is designed primarily to position the aircraft for the final descent to the airport. Like
the feeder route and initial approach segment, the chart
depiction of the intermediate segment provides course,
distance, and minimum altitude information.
The intermediate segment, normally aligned within 30°
of the final approach course, begins at the IF, or intermediate point, and ends at the beginning of the final
approach segment. In some cases, an IF is not shown on
an approach chart. In this situation, the intermediate segment begins at a point where you are proceeding
inbound to the FAF, are properly aligned with the final
approach course, and are located within the prescribed
distance prior to the FAF. An instrument approach that
incorporates a procedure turn is the most common
example of an approach that may not have a charted IF.
The intermediate segment in this example begins when
you intercept the inbound course after completing the
procedure turn. [Figure 5-31]
FINAL APPROACH SEGMENT
The final approach segment for an approach with vertical guidance or a precision approach begins where
the glide slope intercepts the minimum glide slope
intercept altitude shown on the approach chart. If ATC
authorizes a lower intercept altitude, the final
approach segment begins upon glide slope interception at that altitude. For a nonprecision approach, the
final approach segment begins either at a designated
FAF, depicted as a cross on the profile view, or at the
point where the aircraft is established inbound on the
final approach course. When a FAF is not designated,
such as on an approach that incorporates an on-airport
VOR or NDB, this point is typically where the procedure turn intersects the final approach course
inbound. This point is referred to as the final
approach point (FAP). The final approach segment
ends at either the designated MAP or upon landing.
FAF
Beginning of
Intermediate Segment
IAF
Initial Approach
Segment
Feeder Route
Enroute Fix
Figure 5-31. Approach without a Designated IF.
　
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