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ARTS III configurations in the early to mid-1970’s.
Later in the decade, the ARTS II and ARTS III configurations were expanded and enhanced and renamed
ARTS IIA and ARTS IIIA respectively. The vast
majority of the terminal automation sites today remain
either IIA or IIIA configurations, except for about nine
of the largest IIIA sites, which are ARTS IIIE candidate systems. Selected ARTS IIIA/IIIE and ARTS IIA
sites are scheduled to receive commercial off the shelf
(COTS) hardware upgrades, which replace portions of
the proprietary data processing system with standard
off-the-shelf hardware.
STANDARD TERMINAL
AUTOMATION REPLACEMENT SYSTEM
The FAA has begun modernizing the computer equipment in the busiest terminal airspace areas. The newer
equipment is called STARS, for Standard Terminal
Automation Replacement System. The system's
improvements will enhance safety while reducing
1-18
1-19
delays by increasing system reliability and lowering lifecycle operating and maintenance costs. STARS also will
accommodate the projected growth in air traffic and
provide a platform for new functions to support FAA
initiatives such as Free Flight. STARS offers many
advantages, including an open architecture and expansion capability that allow new software and capacity to
be added as needed to stay ahead of the growth in air
traffic. Under the first phase of terminal modernization, STARS is being deployed to 47 air traffic control
facilities. As of July 2005, 37 FAA and 22 Department
of Defense sites were fully operational with STARS.
The first phase is expected to be complete in fiscal year
2007. By then, STARS will be operational at 18 of the
FAA's 35 most critical, high-volume airports, which
together handle approximately 50 percent of air traffic.
STARS consists of new digital, color displays and
computer software and processors that can track 435
aircraft at one time, integrating six levels of weather
information and 16 radar feeds.
For the terminal area and many of the towers, STARS is
the key to the future, providing a solid foundation for
new capabilities. STARS was designed to provide the
software and hardware platform necessary to support
future air traffic control enhancements.
PRECISION APPROACH RADAR
While ASR provides pilots with horizontal guidance
for instrument approaches via a ground-based radar,
Precision Approach Radar (PAR) provides both horizontal and vertical guidance for a ground controlled
approach (GCA). In the U.S., PAR is mostly used by
the military. Radar equipment in some ATC facilities
operated by the FAA and/or the military services at
joint-use locations and military installations are used
to detect and display azimuth, elevation, and range of
aircraft on the final approach course to a runway.
This equipment may be used to monitor certain nonradar approaches, but it is primarily used to conduct
a precision instrument approach.
BRIGHT RADAR INDICATOR TERMINAL EQUIPMENT
Bright Radar Indicator Terminal Equipment (BRITE)
provides radar capabilities to towers, a system with
tremendous benefits for both pilots and controllers.
Unlike traditional radar systems, BRITE is similar to a
television screen in that it can be seen in daylight.
BRITE was so successful that the FAA has installed the
new systems in towers, and even in some TRACONs. In
fact, the invention of BRITE was so revolutionary that
it launched a new type of air traffic facility ⎯ the
TRACAB, which is a radar approach control facility
located in the tower cab of the primary airport, as
opposed to a separate room.
In the many facilities without BRITE, the controllers
use strictly visual means to find and sequence traffic.
Towers that do have BRITE may have one of several
different types. Some have only a very crude display
that gives a fuzzy picture of blips on a field of green,
perhaps with the capability of displaying an extra slash
on transponder-equipped targets and a larger slash
when a pilot hits the ident button. Next in sophistication are BRITEs that have alphanumeric displays of
various types, ranging from transponder codes and altitude to the newest version, the DBRITE (digital
BRITE). A computer takes all the data from the primary
radar, the secondary radar (transponder information), and
generates the alphanumeric data. DBRITE digitizes the
image, and then sends it all, in TV format, to a square display in the tower that provides an excellent presentation,
regardless of how bright the ambient light.
One of the most limiting factors in the use of the BRITE
is in the basic idea behind the use of radar in the tower.
　
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