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• A clearance such as “cleared Hadly One arrival,
descend and maintain flight level two four zero,”
clears you to descend only to the assigned altitude,
and you should maintain that altitude until cleared
for further vertical navigation.
4-23
4-24
Figure 4-23. The notes show that this is a Type B RNAV STAR.
4-25
Figure 4-24. RNAV STAR Leg (Segment) Types.
Fly-over WP
Fly-over WP
WP
WP
Direct to
Fix leg
Direct to
Fix leg
WP
Direct to
Fix leg
Descend to
altitude and turn
Turn begins when
altitude is reached
Fly-over WP
Fly-by WP
Track to Fix
Track to Fix
Example 1. Direct to Fix (DF) Legs Example 3. Heading to an Altitude (VA) Leg
Example 4. Track to Fix (TF) Legs
WP
Course 091°
WP
Constant
Radius
Example 2. Constant Radius to a
Fix (RF) Leg
Example 5. Course to Fix (CF) Legs
WP
Course 090°
WP
Heading 090°
VA Leg
CF Leg
Course 135°
Intercept at or above
the VA Leg altitude.
4-26
SPECIAL AIRPORT QUALIFICATION
It is important to note an example of additional
resources that are helpful for arrivals, especially into
unfamiliar airports requiring special pilot or navigation
qualifications. The operating rules governing domestic
and flag air carriers require pilots in command to be
qualified over the routes and into airports where scheduled operations are conducted, including areas, routes,
and airports in which special pilot qualifications or special navigation qualifications are needed. For Part 119
certificate holders who conduct operations under Parts
121.443, there are provisions in OpsSpecs under which
operators can comply with this regulation. The following are examples of special airports in the U.S, along
with associated comments:
SPECIAL AIRPORTS COMMENTS
Kodiak, AK Airport is surrounded by mountainous terrain. Any go-around beyond ILS or GCA
MAP will not provide obstruction clearance.
Petersburg, AK Mountainous terrain in immediate vicinity of airport, all quadrants.
Cape Newenham AFS, AK Runway located on mountain slope with high gradient factor; nonstandard instrument
approach.
Washington, DC (National) Special arrival/departure procedures.
Shenandoah Valley, VA Mountainous terrain.
(Stanton-Waynesboro-Harrisonburg)
Aspen, CO High terrain; special procedures.
Gunnison, CO VOR only; uncontrolled; numerous obstructions in airport area; complex departure
procedures.
Missoula, MT Mountainous terrain; special procedures.
Jackson Hole, WY Mountainous terrain; all quadrants; complex departure procedures.
Hailey, ID (Friedman Memorial) Mountainous terrain; special arrival/departure procedures.
Hayden, Yampa Valley, CO Mountainous terrain; no control tower; special engine-out procedures for certain large
airplanes.
Lihue, Kauai, HI High terrain; mountainous to 2,300 feet within 3 miles of the localizer.
Ontario, CA Mountainous terrain and extremely limited visibility in haze conditions.
5-1
This chapter discusses general planning and conduct of
instrument approaches by professional pilots operating
under Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14
CFR) Parts 91, 121, 125, and 135. Operations specific to
helicopters are covered in Chapter 7. The operations
specifications (OpsSpecs), standard operating procedures (SOPs), and any other Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA) approved documents for each
commercial operator are the final authorities for individual authorizations and limitations as they relate to instrument approaches. While coverage of the various
authorizations and approach limitations for all operators
is beyond the scope of this chapter, an attempt is made
to give examples from generic manuals where it is
appropriate.
APPROACH PLANNING
Depending on speed of the aircraft, availability of
weather information, and the complexity of the
approach procedure or special terrain avoidance
procedures for the airport of intended landing, the
inflight planning phase of an instrument approach
can begin as far as 100-200 NM from the destination. Some of the approach planning should be
accomplished during preflight. In general, there are
five steps that most operators incorporate into their
Flight Standards manuals for the inflight planning
phase of an instrument approach:
• Gathering weather information, field conditions,
and Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs) for the runway
of intended landing.
• Calculation of performance data, approach speeds,
and thrust/power settings.
　
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