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progress reports, published VFR routes, visual reporting points or points for transitioning and/or circumnavigating controlled and/or special use airspace, that is
defined relative to a VORTAC station or in terms of latitude/longitude coordinates.
Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) – A
method of navigation based on GPS. Ground correction
stations transmit position corrections that enhance system accuracy and add vertical navigation (VNAV) features.
C-14
INSTRUMENT
PROCEDURES
HANDBOOK
2007
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION
Flight Procedure Standards Branch
II
III
PREFACE
This handbook supercedes FAA-H-8261-1, Instrument Procedures Handbook, dated 2004. It is designed as a technical reference for professional pilots who operate under instrument flight rules (IFR) in the National Airspace System
(NAS). It expands on information contained in the FAA-H-8083-15, Instrument Flying Handbook, and introduces
advanced information for IFR operations. Instrument flight instructors, instrument pilots, and instrument students will
also find this handbook a valuable resource since it is used as a reference for the Airline Transport Pilot and Instrument
Knowledge Tests and for the Practical Test Standards. It also provides detailed coverage of instrument charts and procedures including IFR takeoff, departure, en route, arrival, approach, and landing. Safety information covering relevant subjects such as runway incursion, land and hold short operations, controlled flight into terrain, and human
factors issues also are included.
This handbook conforms to pilot training and certification concepts established by the FAA. Where a term is defined
in the text, it is shown in blue. Terms and definitions are also located in Appendix C. The discussion and explanations
reflect the most commonly used instrument procedures. Occasionally, the word “must” or similar language is used
where the desired action is deemed critical. The use of such language is not intended to add to, interpret, or relieve
pilots of their responsibility imposed by Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR).
It is essential for persons using this handbook to also become familiar with and apply the pertinent parts of 14 CFR
and the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM). The CFR, AIM, this handbook, AC 00.2-15, Advisory Circular
Checklist, which transmits the current status of FAA advisory circulars, and other FAA technical references are available via the Internet at the FAA Home Page http://www.faa.gov. Information regarding the purchase of FAA subscription products such as charts, Airport/Facility Directory, and other publications can be accessed at
http://www.naco.faa.gov/.
Comments regarding this handbook should be sent to AFS420.IPH@FAA.Gov or U.S. Department of Transportation,
Federal Aviation Administration, Flight Procedure Standards Branch, AFS-420, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK
73125.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The following individuals and their organizations are gratefully acknowledged for their valuable contribution and
commitment to the publication of this handbook:
FAA: Project Manager–Steve Winter; Assistant Project Manager–Lt Col Paul McCarver (USAF); Program
Analyst–Alan Brown; Chief Editor–Fran Chaffin; Legal Review–Mike Webster; Subject Matter Experts–Dean
Alexander, John Bickerstaff, Barry Billmann, Larry Buehler, Dan Burdette, Jack Corman, Dave Eckles, Gary
Harkness, Hooper Harris, Harry Hodges, John Holman, Bob Hlubin, Gerry Holtorf, Steve Jackson, Scott Jerdan, Alan
Jones, Norm Le Fevre, Barry Miller, John Moore, T. J. Nichols, Jim Nixon, Dave Olsen, Don Pate, Gary Powell, Phil
Prasse, Larry Ramirez, Mark Reisweber, Dave Reuter, Jim Seabright, Eric Secretan, Ralph Sexton, Tom Schneider,
Lou Volchansky, Mike Webb, and Mike Werner.
Jeppesen: Project Managers–Pat Willits, James W. Powell, and Dick Snyder; Technical Editors–Dave Schoeman and
Chuck Stout; Media Manager–Rich Hahn; Artists–Paul Gallaway and Pat Brogan.
NOTICE
The U.S. Govt. does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers' names appear herein solely
because they are considered essential to the objective of this handbook.
Chapter 1 — IFR Operations in the National
Airspace System
Brief History of the National Airspace System . . . .1-2
National Airspace System Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3
RNAV Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4
System Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-5
Accident Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-5
Runway Incursion Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-6
　
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