曝光臺 注意防騙 網曝天貓店富美金盛家居專營店坑蒙拐騙欺詐消費者

helpful as a planning aid for situational awareness.
Many pilots find the area chart helpful in locating a
depicted fix after ATC clears them to proceed to a fix
and hold, especially at unfamiliar airports.
Looking at Figures 4-6, and 4-7 on page 4-8, assume
you are V295 northbound en route to Palm Beach
International Airport. You are en route on the airway
when the controller clears you present position direct to
the outer marker compass locator and for the instrument
landing system (ILS) approach. There is no transition
authorized or charted between your present position and
the approach facility. There is no minimum altitude published for the route you are about to travel.
In Figure 4-6, you are just north of HEATT Intersection
at 5,000 feet when the approach controller states,
“Citation 9724J, 2 miles from HEATT, cleared present
position direct RUBIN, cleared for the Palm Beach ILS
Runway 9L Approach, contact Palm Beach Tower on
119.1 established inbound.” With no minimum altitude
published from that point to the RUBIN beacon, you
should maintain the last assigned altitude until you reach
the IAF (that’s the fix, not the facility). Then, in Figure
4-7 on page 4-8, after passing the beacon outbound,
commence your descent to 2,000 feet for the course
reversal.
The ILS procedure relies heavily on the controller’s
recognition of the restriction upon you to maintain
your last assigned altitude until “established” on a published segment of the approach. Refer to Appendix B,
“Staying Within Protected Airspace,” for a comprehensive discussion of “established.” Prior to issuing a
clearance for the approach, the controller usually
assigns the pilot an altitude compatible with glide slope
intercept.
RADAR VECTORS TO FINAL APPROACH
COURSE
Arriving aircraft usually are vectored to intercept the
final approach course, except with vectors for a visual
approach, at least 2 NM outside the approach gate unless
one of the following exists:
1. When the reported ceiling is at least 500 feet above
the minimum vectoring altitude or minimum IFR
altitude and the visibility is at least 3 NM (report
may be a pilot report if no weather is reported
for the airport), aircraft may be vectored to intercept the final approach course closer than 2 NM
outside the approach gate but no closer than the
approach gate.
2. If specifically requested by a pilot, ATC may
vector aircraft to intercept the final approach
course inside the approach gate but no closer than
the FAF.
For a precision approach, aircraft are vectored at an altitude that is not above the glide slope/glidepath or below
the minimum glide slope intercept altitude specified on
the approach procedure chart. For a nonprecision
approach, aircraft are vectored at an altitude that allows
descent in accordance with the published procedure.
When a vector will take the aircraft across the final
approach course, pilots are informed by ATC and the
reason for the action is stated. In the event that ATC is
not able to inform the aircraft, the pilot is not expected
to turn inbound on the final approach course unless an
approach clearance has been issued. An example of
ATC phraseology in this case is, “…expect vectors
across final for spacing.”
The following ATC arrival instructions are issued to
an IFR aircraft before it reaches the approach gate:
1. Position relative to a fix on the final approach
course. If none is portrayed on the controller’s
radar display or if none is prescribed in the instrument approach procedure, ATC issues position
information relative to the airport or relative to
the navigation aid that provides final approach
guidance.
2. Vector to intercept the final approach course if
required.
3. Approach clearance except when conducting a
radar approach. ATC issues the approach clearance
only after the aircraft is established on a segment
of a published route or instrument approach procedure, or in the following examples as depicted in
Figure 4-8 on page 4-9.
Aircraft 1 was vectored to the final approach course but
clearance was withheld. It is now at 4,000 feet and
established on a segment of the instrument approach
procedure. “Seven miles from X-RAY. Cleared ILS runway three six approach.”
Figure 4-6. Cleared Present Position Direct from V295.
4-7
4-8
Aircraft 2 is being vectored to a published
segment of the final
approach course, 4 NM
from LIMA at 2,000 feet.
The minimum vectoring
altitude for this area is
　
中國航空網 www.k6050.com
航空翻譯 www.aviation.cn
本文鏈接地址：Instrument Procedures Handbook (IPH)儀表程序手冊下(87)