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service. At these airports, typical taxiway traffic patterns used to move aircraft between gate and runway
A
A
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Taxiway centerline lights are
in-pavement green lights that
aid in ground movement during
low visibility operations.
Geographic position markings,
or pink spots, are used as
either holding points or for
position reporting.
Clearance bar lights consist of
a row of three yellow, in-pavement
lights used to denote holding positions
for aircraft and ground vehicles.
Red stop bar lights are used at
intersections of illuminated taxiways
and active runways for operations
less than RVR 6. You cannot cross
an illuminated stop bar.
Runway guard lights are flashing
yellow lights installed on taxiways
that have access to runways.
They are used to identify an active
runway and the location of the
runway holding position.
Figure 2-4. SMGCS Signage and Lighting.
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are laid out and coded. The ATC specialist (ATCS) can
reduce radio communication time and eliminate taxi
instruction misinterpretation by simply clearing the
pilot to taxi via a specific, named route. An example of
this would be Chicago O’Hare, where the Silver Alpha
taxi route is used to transition to Runway 4L. [Figure 2-6]
The “Silver A” route requires you to taxi via taxiway
Alpha to Alpha Six, then taxiway Juliet, then taxiway
Whiskey to Runway 4L. These routes are issued by ground
control, and if unable to comply, pilots must advise ground
control on initial contact. If for any reason the pilot
becomes uncertain as to the correct taxi route, a request
should be made for progressive taxi instructions. These
step-by-step routing directions are also issued if the controller deems it necessary due to traffic, closed taxiways,
airport construction, etc. It is the pilot’s responsibility to
The FAA recommends that you:
• Receive and understand all NOTAMs, particularly those concerning airport construction and lighting.
• Read back, in full, all clearances involving holding short, taxi into position and hold, and crossing
active runways to insure proper understanding.
• Abide by the sterile cockpit rule.
• Develop operational procedures that minimize distractions during taxiing.
• Ask ATC for directions if you are lost or unsure of your position.
• Adhere to takeoff and runway crossing clearances in a timely manner.
• Position your aircraft so landing traffic can see you.
• Monitor radio communications to maintain a situational awareness of other aircraft.
• Remain on frequency until instructed to change.
• Make sure you know the reduced runway distances and whether or not you can comply before
accepting a land and hold short clearance.
• Report confusing airport diagrams to the proper authorities.
• Use exterior taxi and landing lights when practical.
Figure 2-5. FAA Recommendations for Reducing Runway Incursions.
Figure 2-6. Chicago O’Hare Silver Standardized Taxi Route and NACO Airport Diagram.
Note: The sterile cockpit rule refers to a concept outlined in Parts 121.542 and 135.100 that requires
flight crews to refrain from engaging in activities that could distract them from the performance of
their duties during critical phases of flight. This concept is explained further in Chapter 4.
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know if a particular airport has preplanned taxi routes, to
be familiar with them, and to have the taxi descriptions in
their possession. Specific information about airports that
use coded taxiway routes is included in the Notice to
Airmen Publication (NTAP).
RUNWAY SAFETY PROGRAM
On any given day, the NAS may handle almost 200,000
takeoffs and landings. Due to the complex nature of the airport environment and the intricacies of the network of people that make it operate efficiently, the FAA is constantly
looking to maintain the high standard of safety that exists at
airports today. Runway safety is one of its top priorities.
The Runway Safety Program (RSP) is designed to create
and execute a plan of action that reduces the number of runway incursions at the nation’s airports.
The RSP office has created a National Blueprint for
Runway Safety. [Figure 2-7] In that document, the
FAA has identified four types of runway surface
events:
• Surface Incident – an event during which authorized or unauthorized/unapproved movement
occurs in the movement area or an occurrence in
the movement area associated with the operation
of an aircraft that affects or could affect the safety
of flight.
• Runway Incursion – an occurrence at an airport
　
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