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policy documents are available at www.faa.gov, under the Regulations and Policies section. In addition, completed
Flight Standardization Board (FSB) reports for particular EFB models, which are available to the public at
www.opspecs.com, are also listed.
EFB: 2007 Industry Review
Overview of Volpe Center EFB Research
The Volpe Center has been working with the EFB industry since 1999, when the EFB research program began.
Industry interaction has always been a key component of this program. The Volpe Center connects EFB industry
stakeholders, including regulators, customers, manufacturers, and end users (pilots). Volpe Center research informs
the FAA of industry trends through periodic industry reviews, and it informs industry about FAA-sponsored efforts
that may help them in their EFB endeavors at industry meetings and events. Many of the Volpe Center EFB research
efforts are well summarized in a report by the Flight Safety Foundation (2005).
When this research began, the goal was to identify EFB human factors issues in order to improve knowledge,
awareness, and understanding of EFB human factors considerations by all parties. Working with the Air Transport
Association Digital Display Working Group, the Volpe Center produced a key report in 2000, known as the
“Version 1 EFB human factors considerations document” (Chandra and Mangold, 2000). This report was referenced
in the March 2003 FAA Advisory Circular (AC) 120-76A, Guidelines for the certification, airworthiness, and
operational approval of electronic flight bag computing devices.
In September 2003, the Volpe Center released an updated “Version 2” report on EFB human factors considerations
(Chandra, et al., 2003), which supersedes the Version 1 report. The Version 2 document is still current as of 2007,
but may be updated in the future. As in the Version 1 report, the Version 2 document provides guidance on the
general EFB system human factors considerations, and it covers four applications in detail: Electronic Documents,
Electronic Checklists, Flight Performance Calculations, and Electronic Charts. Although the document is long, it is
easy to browse, and has proven to be an especially useful reference for system developers.
The next phase of the Volpe Center EFB research was directed at streamlining and standardizing FAA evaluations
of EFBs. With the aid of the EFB industry, the Volpe Center constructed five tools that could be used by FAA or
industry evaluators to assess the human factors issues associated with particular EFBs. The tools were designed for
use by evaluators who were not necessarily human factors experts to provide useful feedback, even with a relatively
small investment in time.
Chandra and Yeh (2006) contains descriptions of the five Volpe Center EFB assessment tools and practical
information on when and how to use each tool. The tools are included as appendices to that report. Additionally,
four of the Volpe Center EFB assessment tools are included as appendices in FAA Notice 8200.98. This Notice
allows the FAA inspector to use the tools, or not, at his/her discretion. These tools may also be of use to EFB
manufacturers and customers, who could use the tools to improve their system design or to anticipate the results of a
regulatory evaluation. Details describing the Volpe Center’s effort to develop the first set of tools, for use by the
FAA Aircraft Certification Service, are in Chandra, Yeh, and Riley (2004); in particular, three appendices, E
(Update to Industry on Tools for Structured Evaluations of EFB Usability), F (Generic Task List for Evaluations),
and G (Sample Observer Notes and Evaluation Feedback), of that document may be particularly useful for EFB
developers who would like to understand how to use the tools for in-house evaluations. The biggest benefit of using
these tools is that their early use can reduce the redesign associated with poor system interfaces, and ensure that the
EFB system is more usable in the long run.
2
EFB: 2007 Industry Review
System Providers
Nineteen system providers participated in this review. The term system providers is used here to refer to companies
that offer an integrated hardware and software solution.
The Volpe Center worked collaboratively with a representative from each of the companies included in this section.
The final entry was limited to two pages, and was approved by the company for publication in this review.
The following information was gathered from each system provider:
• Product name.
• Website(s) where more information can be found. The text in the tables is hyperlinked to the
manufacturer’s site. A list of websites is included at the end of this document.
• Any FAA approvals received or in progress. When available, the FAA office issuing the approval is noted.
　
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