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This tube is just wide enough to let the blood cells pass.
A full blood meal takes 1-2 minutes and amounts to 2-3 l (micro litres) [Note: It takes 2500 executed mosquito
bites to loose as much blood as in one standard blood sample at the doctor s]. The actual penetration
of the skin may be detected only as a faint tickle or hardly be felt at all. It is the injected chemical that creates
the well-known read and swollen skin area as an allergic reaction.
A most interesting animal indeed! The elegant way that the mosquito penetrates the human skin has led to
cutting edge results in nano-technology. Researchers have lured the construction and function details of
the mosquito proboscis and its skin penetration. Therefore, they are now ready to produce a medical syringe
needle so thin and effective that if will not be felt when used on people.
Danish Polar Center
IPY Service Manual for Kangerlussuaq 2008
version 1 June 2008
Compiled and written by Henning Thing (het@fi.dk)
Danish Polar Center Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation
page 53 of 60
The smallest furbearer
In early summer you may be lucky enough to encounter Greenland s smallest fur bearer. Its English name
is Woolly Bear , its Latin name translates to the one who carries the feminine and in Danish it is called
fjeldspinder . This longhaired caterpillar, that one day will be metamorphosed into a butterfly, is indeed
worth a story.
The caterpillar takes no less than six years to grow and become ready for the pupa stage. Leaves from Arctic
willow are its favourite food and it hardly eats anything else. In spring the leaves have the highest nutritional
value and therefore the caterpillar eats only in spring. The stiff and barbed hairs of the yellow-brown
fur coat turn the caterpillar into a distasteful morsel for birds. The other caterpillar enemies parasitic
wasps and flies are not yet active during the cool spring so the woolly bear caterpillar can enjoy an undisturbed
time at its outdoor vegetarian buffet.
Following the fattening willow cure, the caterpillar takes cover at the end of June under a rock, spins itself
into a silky sleeping bag and spends the next eleven months in hibernation while it is well protected
against predators. The bitterly cold temperatures during winter do not harm the woolly bear as its body is
well doped with anti-freezing chemicals. When the spring sun warms again and the willow forest greens, our
caterpillar wakes up ready for one more eating frenzy at the buffet, yet another change of fur coat to a larger
size and then eleven more months under the rock in the safe and silky sleeping bag.
This cycle repeats itself seven times! and finally the caterpillar is ready for the pupa stage. At a site where
the sun will shine, the woolly bear spins itself into a dark grey and sturdy silk cocoon with a looser whitish
outer layer. The sun heats up the inner of the cocoon and because of the raised temperature inside the
wonderful transformation of the woolly bear into an adult butterfly takes place in just two weeks. Finally!
After 2500 days and nights as a caterpillar the new butterfly crawls out of the pupa shell.
But alas, life as an adult is hard and very very short. The adult female is plump and cannot fly, and as soon
as she s out of the cocoon she emits the most irresistible odour into the fresh mountain air. Newly fledged
males in the region are trimmed and tuned to detect and follow this signal, and they move as fast as the
wings can take them. Within minutes, a odour-emitting female finds herself in male company. The inevitable
copulation follows and immediately thereafter the male dies, A few hours later, the females lays her 100
eggs, often on top of her old pupa cocoon. And that was all she managed in life. Mission completed for
Gynaephora groenlandica !
Driftwood
It may come as surprise to many, but the coasts of North and Northeast Greenland abound in driftwood of
any form and calibre. However, there are no forests within sight. The trunks and branches are strangers
from far away. They drift towards Greenland onboard the currents in the Arctic Ocean, the mediterranean
sea at the top of the world surrounded by forested regions in Russia, Alaska and Canada.
Eight great rivers feed into the Arctic ocean that each summer receives 2500 km³ freshwater from the
enormous catchment areas of the rivers. Eighty percent of this huge volume of water come from the Siberian
rivers of which Ob, Jenisej and Lena are the biggest. (2500 km³ = 2.500.000.000.000.000 litres which
would give each person on Earth 1.000 litres every day for a whole year)
Every year during the spring thaw and river break-up thousands of trees along the river banks are uprooted
and taken by the water torrents and carried northwards the Arctic ocean where an intricate system of surface
　
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