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The most pragmatic approach to the problem lies in identifying the parameters of the offense of international terrorism and seeking a solution to the various categories of the offense. To obtain a precise de.nition would be unwise, if not impossible. Once the offense and its parasitic qualities are clearly identi.ed, it would become necessary to discuss brie.y its harmful effects on the international community. It is only then that a solution can be discussed that would obviate the fear and apprehen-sion we suffer in the face of this threat.

Index

A
Advance passenger information (API) Australia Immigration and Customs, 147 guidelines, 138–140 Mexican approach, 149 passenger name record, 121–122 public authorities, 135 recommendation, 136–137 United States legislation, PNR, 140–142
Air Transport Committee (ATC), 63, 64 American Transportation & Security Act,
140, 141 Audit Results Review Board (ARRB), 270 Audits
aviation assets, 266
corrective action plan, 269
follow-up missions, 269
ICAO Council

Chicago Convention, Article 54(j), 271 inherent powers, 273 Resolution A36-2, 271 Vienna Convention, Article 34, 274
identi.ed de.ciencies, 266
scheduling/frequency model, 270
security culture, 265
security oversight

follow-up visits, 270 limited level of transparency, 268–269 Universal Security Audit Programme
(USAP), 268 Aviation Security Manual, 277 Aviation Working Group (AWG), 98
B
Biometric identi.cation, innovative security tools challenges, 112
identi.cation process, 111 machine readable travel document, 110 physiological, 111 quantum cryptography, 109
Bonn declaration aerial communication, 247 French delegate, 248 incompatibility, Vienna Convention, 249 international civil aviation
Contracting States, 250
transit agreement, 250–251 legal status, 247–249 prosecution or extradition, 252–253 Soviet Union delegate, 248 transit agreement, 250–252
C
Canadian Immigration and Refugee Act, 142
Chicago Convention aviation security, 57 carriage of documents, 160 civil aircraft, 159 civil aviation, 210–212, 251 Contracting State, 56, 128, 250 customs, 195–196 scope in Article 3, 211–212
Complicity theory, 42–43
Condonation theory, State responsibility categories, 50 causality principle, 50 Jane case, 48 separate delict theory, 50 United Nations General Assembly, 49 war crime, 51
Conference of Parties (COP), 102–104 Contracting States Australian position, 147–148
Contracting States(cont.) Canadian position accuracy of the data, 143
Canadian Immigration and Refugee
Act, 142 German and Swiss positions, 148–149 Mexican approach, 149–151 Safe Harbour principles, 146–147 United Kingdom position
British Airways, 145 UK Data Protection Act, 146 United States legislation, API and PNR American Transportation & Security Act, 140, 141 WCO/IATA guideline, 141 Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism, 277
Convention on International Civil Aviation advance passenger information, 131 Contracting State, 56
Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act, 100–101
D
Departure control systems (DCS), 124, 125
E
Early twenty-.rst century initiatives advance passenger information, 121–123, 139–141
innovative security tools biometric identi.cation, 109–112 public key directory, 112–121
liability Conventions General Risks Convention, 93–98 Unlawful Interference Compensation
Convention, 98–109
machine readable travel documents capacity-building strategy, 153 ICBWG, 152, 153, 155 UN Security Council’s Resolution
1373, 152 vocational training, 155 passenger name record advanced passenger information guidelines, 138–140 advantages of uni.ed guidelines,
　
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