airlines, 229 combating international terrorism, 217 extradition, 225–226 ICAO, 218 jurisdiction, terrorist punishment, 223–224 legal committee, 219 objectives, 220 powers and duties of States, 224–225 State responsibilities, 226–228
U
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), 165
United Nations initiatives Convention adoption, 183–184 draft convention, 182 drug traf.cking and drug abuse, 187 efforts, 187–188 ICAO, 184 Convention Against Illicit Traf.c in
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic
Substances, 186–187 international co-operation, 183, 185 rati.cation, 184 sea transport, 185 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs
of 1961, 180
State co-operation, 185–186 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 61 Universal Security Audit Programme (USAP),
265–272 Unlawful Interference Conventions Bonn declaration incompatibility, Vienna Convention,
249–250 legal status, 247–249 prosecution or extradition, 252–253 transit agreement, 250–252
compensation commercial airline pilots, 101–102 Conference of Parties, 103, 104 Diplomatic Conference, 105 domestic opt-in declaration, 104 “gross breach,” 101 ICAO Security Panel, 108 International Civil Aviation
Compensation Fund, 102 offence, 101 operators, 100 “relevant duty of care,” 101 victims of violent crime, 106–107
Hague Convention (1970) ef.ciency, 236–237 powers and duties, 232–236 scope, 231–232
International Conventions Chicago Convention of 1944, 210–212 Convention for the Prevention and
Punishment of Terrorism (1937), 210 Geneva Convention on the High Seas (1958), 213–217 United Nations Charter, 212–213
Montreal Convention (1971) aircraft in service, 237–238 jurisdictional powers of States, 242–246 offence, de.nition, 239–241 severe penalties, 241–242
plastic explosives marking .nal clauses and .nal act, 261–262 International Explosives Technical
Commission, 260–261
States obligations, 257–258
technical annex, 258–259

Tokyo Convention (1963) aircraft commander, powers of,
221–223
airlines, 229
alcohol, 229

combating terrorism, 228 extradition, 225–226 jurisdiction, terrorist punishment,
223–224 powers and duties of States, 224–225 State responsibilities, 226–228
United Nations General Assembly
Resolutions civil aviation, 205–206 ICAO Conventions, 208–209 international terrorism, 207–208
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) air traf.c services, 166–167 high seas, operations
air navigation services, 164 United Nations Convention on the Law
of the Sea, 165 legal and regulatory issues, 162–163 personnel licensing, 159, 160 as state aircraft
Hague Protocol of 1955, 170 ICAO Assembly, 168, 169 International Law Commission, 173 Montreal Convention of 1999, 171
United States Department of Defence, 157
W
Wassenaar Arrangement, 33–36
World Customs Organization (WCO), 196, 204 IATA, 139, 141 objectives, 138 Permanent Technical Committee, 137