E. The Montreal Convention (1971) .................................... 237
I. De.nition of In Service ...................................... 237
II. De.nition of the Offence .................................... 238
III. Penalties and the Scope of the Convention .................. 241
IV. Jurisdictional Powers Given to States Under the Montreal Convention (1971) ................................. 242
F. The Bonn Declaration ................................................ 246
I. The Legal Status of the Bonn Declaration ................... 247
II. Incompatibility of the Declaration with the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties .......................... 249
III. The Incompatibility of the Declaration with the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention 1944) and the International Air Services Transit Agreement ...... 250
IV. Problem of Prosecution or Extradition ...................... 252
G. A New Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives for the Purpose of Detection ......................................... 253
I. Scope of the Convention .................................... 255
II. Obligations of States ........................................ 257
III. Technical Annex ............................................ 258
IV. International Explosives Technical Commission ........... 260
V. Final Clauses and Final Act ................................. 261
References ................................................................. 262
6 Aviation Security Audits ................................................. 265
A. Security Oversight ................................................... 268
B. The Role of the ICAO Council ...................................... 270
References ................................................................. 276
7 Conclusion ................................................................ 277
Index .......................................................................... 281
Table of Cases
1969 Case of Walls v Mussens Ltd P. 85 1979 Case of Mannington Mills v. Congoleum Corporation 595 F.2d 1287
P. 127–128 1988 Cases International Tin Council v. Amalgamet Inc. P. 119 1991 Case of EEOC v. Arabian American Oil Company and ARAMCO Services 113
L E 2d 274 P. 127
Air India v.Wiggins [1980] 1 WLR 815 at 819 P. 127
Anns v. Merton London Borough Council [1978] A.C. 728 (H.L.) P. 83
Arab Banking Corporation v. International Tin council and Algemene Bank Nederland and Others (Interveners) and Holo Trading Company Ltd. Interveners) (1988) 77 ILR 1–8 P. 120
Barboni v. Cie Air-France (1982) 36 RFDA 358 P. 82
Buchbinder v. American Airlines, P. 87
Case of Palsgraf v. Long Island Railway Co.P.84
Chartered Bank v. International Tin Council and others P. 120
Cork v. Kirby Maclean Ltd., [1952] 2 All.E.R. 402 (C.A.). P. 84
El Al Israel Airlines, Ltd. v. Tseng 525 U.S. 155 (1999) P. 87
Gibbs v. American Airlines, Inc., 1999 P. 87
Haddad v. Cie Air France (1982) 36 RFDA 355 P. 82
Holmes v. Bangladesh Biman Corporation, [1989] 1 AC 1112 at 1126 P. 127
Laura M.B. Janes (USA) v. United Mexican States (1925) 4 R Intl Arb Awards 82 P. 43
Lutcher SA Cellulose e Papel v. Inter-American Development Bank, 382 F.2d. 454
(DC Cir.1967) P. 120 M’Alister (or Donoughue) v. Stevenson [1932] A.C. 562 (H.L.) P. 83 Naziranbai v. the state, 1957 Madhya Bharat Law Reporter, P. 109 Neilson v. Kamloops (City of), [1984] P. 84 Nicaragua v. the United States, ICJ Reports 1986, P. 52 Palsgraf v. Long Island Railway Co. 162 N.E. 99 (N.Y. 1928) P. 84 Schenk v. US, 249 US 47 (1919) P. 9
Smith v. Socialist Peoples Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, 866 F. Supp 306 (1995) P. 107 Standard Chartered Bank v. International Tin Council and others [1986] 2 All ER
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