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control service to an aircraft to the next air traffic control
unit along the route of flight.
Uncertainty phase. A situation wherein uncertainty exists as
to the safety of an aircraft and its occupants.
VFR. The symbol used to designate the visual flight rules.
VFR flight. A flight conducted in accordance with the visual
flight rules.
Visual meteorological conditions (VMC). Meteorological
conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from
cloud, and ceiling, equal to or better than specified minima.
Note.— The specified minima are contained in Annex 2.
VMC. The symbol used to designate visual meteorological
conditions.
Waypoint. A specified geographical location used to define an
area navigation route or the flight path of an aircraft
employing area navigation. Waypoints are identified as
either:
Fly-by waypoint. A waypoint which requires turn anticipation
to allow tangential interception of the next
segment of a route or procedure, or
Flyover waypoint. A waypoint at which a turn is initiated in
order to join the next segment of a route or procedure.
ANNEX 11 2-1 1/11/01
CHAPTER 2. GENERAL
2.1 Establishment of authority
2.1.1 Contracting States shall determine, in accordance
with the provisions of this Annex and for the territories over
which they have jurisdiction, those portions of the airspace and
those aerodromes where air traffic services will be provided.
They shall thereafter arrange for such services to be
established and provided in accordance with the provisions of
this Annex, except that, by mutual agreement, a State may
delegate to another State the responsibility for establishing and
providing air traffic services in flight information regions,
control areas or control zones extending over the territories of
the former.
Note.— If one State delegates to another State the
responsibility for the provision of air traffic services over its
territory, it does so without derogation of its national sovereignty.
Similarly, the providing State’s responsibility is limited
to technical and operational considerations and does not
extend beyond those pertaining to the safety and expedition of
aircraft using the concerned airspace. Furthermore, the
providing State in providing air traffic services within the
territory of the delegating State will do so in accordance with
the requirements of the latter which is expected to establish
such facilities and services for the use of the providing State
as are jointly agreed to be necessary. It is further expected
that the delegating State would not withdraw or modify such
facilities and services without prior consultation with the
providing State. Both the delegating and providing States may
terminate the agreement between them at any time.
2.1.2 Those portions of the airspace over the high seas or
in airspace of undetermined sovereignty where air traffic
services will be provided shall be determined on the basis of
regional air navigation agreements. A Contracting State having
accepted the responsibility to provide air traffic services in
such portions of airspace shall thereafter arrange for the
services to be established and provided in accordance with the
provisions of this Annex.
Note 1.— The phrase “regional air navigation agreements”
refers to the agreements approved by the Council of
ICAO normally on the advice of Regional Air Navigation
Meetings.
Note 2.— The Council, when approving the Foreword to
this Annex, indicated that a Contracting State accepting the
responsibility for providing air traffic services over the high
seas or in airspace of undetermined sovereignty may apply the
Standards and Recommended Practices in a manner consistent
with that adopted for airspace under its jurisdiction.
2.1.3 When it has been determined that air traffic services
will be provided, the States concerned shall designate the
authority responsible for providing such services.
Note 1.— The authority responsible for establishing and
providing the services may be a State or a suitable Agency.
Note 2.— Situations which arise in respect of the
establishment and provision of air traffic services to either
part or whole of an international flight are as follows:
Situation 1: A route, or portion of a route, contained within
airspace under the sovereignty of a State establishing and
providing its own air traffic services.
Situation 2: A route, or portion of a route, contained within
airspace under the sovereignty of a State which has, by mutual
agreement, delegated to another State, responsibility for the
　
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