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establishment and provision of air traffic services.
Situation 3: A portion of a route contained within airspace
over the high seas or in airspace of undetermined sovereignty
for which a State has accepted the responsibility for the
establishment and provision of air traffic services.
For the purpose of this Annex, the State which designates the
authority responsible for establishing and providing the air
traffic services is:
in Situation 1: the State having sovereignty over the
relevant portion of the airspace;
in Situation 2: the State to whom responsibility for the
establishment and provision of air traffic services has been
delegated;
in Situation 3: the State which has accepted the responsibility
for the establishment and provision of air traffic
services.
2.1.4 Where air traffic services are established, information
shall be published as necessary to permit the utilization
of such services.
2.2 Objectives of
the air traffic services
The objectives of the air traffic services shall be to:
a) prevent collisions between aircraft;
Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services Chapter 2
1/11/01 2-2
b) prevent collisions between aircraft on the manoeuvring
area and obstructions on that area;
c) expedite and maintain an orderly flow of air traffic;
d) provide advice and information useful for the safe and
efficient conduct of flights;
e) notify appropriate organizations regarding aircraft in need
of search and rescue aid, and assist such organizations
as required.
2.3 Divisions of the air traffic services
The air traffic services shall comprise three services identified
as follows.
2.3.1 The air traffic control service, to accomplish
objectives a), b) and c) of 2.2, this service being divided in
three parts as follows:
a) Area control service: the provision of air traffic control
service for controlled flights, except for those parts of
such flights described in 2.3.1 b) and c), in order to
accomplish objectives a) and c) of 2.2;
b) Approach control service: the provision of air traffic
control service for those parts of controlled flights
associated with arrival or departure, in order to
accomplish objectives a) and c) of 2.2;
c) Aerodrome control service: the provision of air traffic
control service for aerodrome traffic, except for those
parts of flights described in 2.3.1 b), in order to
accomplish objectives a), b) and c) of 2.2.
2.3.2 The flight information service, to accomplish
objective d) of 2.2.
2.3.3 The alerting service, to accomplish objective e) of
2.2.
2.4 Determination of the need for
air traffic services
2.4.1 The need for the provision of air traffic services
shall be determined by consideration of the following:
a) the types of air traffic involved;
b) the density of air traffic;
c) the meteorological conditions;
d) such other factors as may be relevant.
Note.— Due to the number of elements involved, it has not
been possible to develop specific data to determine the need
for air traffic services in a given area or at a given location.
For example:
a) a mixture of different types of air traffic with aircraft of
varying speeds (conventional jet, etc.) might necessitate
the provision of air traffic services, whereas a relatively
greater density of traffic where only one type of operation
is involved would not;
b) meteorological conditions might have considerable effect
in areas where there is a constant flow of air traffic (e.g.
scheduled traffic), whereas similar or worse meteorological
conditions might be relatively unimportant in an
area where air traffic would be discontinued in such
conditions (e.g. local VFR flights);
c) open stretches of water, mountainous, uninhabited or
desert areas might necessitate the provision of air traffic
services even though the frequency of operations is
extremely low.
2.4.2 The carriage of airborne collision avoidance systems
(ACAS) by aircraft in a given area shall not be a factor in
determining the need for air traffic services in that area.
2.5 Designation of the portions of
the airspace and controlled aerodromes
where air traffic services will be provided
2.5.1 When it has been determined that air traffic services
will be provided in particular portions of the airspace or at
particular aerodromes, then those portions of the airspace or
those aerodromes shall be designated in relation to the air
traffic services that are to be provided.
2.5.2 The designation of the particular portions of the
airspace or the particular aerodromes shall be as follows:
　
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