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which high flying aircraft would otherwise have to operate, a
flight information region or control area, as appropriate,
should be delineated to include the upper airspace within the
lateral limits of a number of lower flight information regions
or control areas.
2.9.5 Control zones
2.9.5.1 The lateral limits of control zones shall encompass
at least those portions of the airspace, which are not within
control areas, containing the paths of IFR flights arriving at
and departing from aerodromes to be used under instrument
meteorological conditions.
Chapter 2 Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services
2-5 1/11/01
Note.— Aircraft holding in the vicinity of aerodromes are
considered as arriving aircraft.
2.9.5.2 The lateral limits of a control zone shall extend to
at least 9.3 km (5 NM) from the centre of the aerodrome or
aerodromes concerned in the directions from which approaches
may be made.
Note.— A control zone may include two or more aerodromes
situated close together.
2.9.5.3 If a control zone is located within the lateral limits
of a control area, it shall extend upwards from the surface of
the earth to at least the lower limit of the control area.
Note.— An upper limit higher than the lower limit of the
overlying control area may be established when desired.
2.9.5.4 Recommendation.— If a control zone is located
outside of the lateral limits of a control area, an upper limit
should be established.
2.9.5.5 Recommendation.— If it is desired to establish
the upper limit of a control zone at a level higher than the
lower limit of the control area established above it, or if the
control zone is located outside of the lateral limits of a control
area, its upper limit should be established at a level which can
easily be identified by pilots. When this limit is above 900 m
(3 000 ft) MSL it should coincide with a VFR cruising level of
the tables in Appendix 3 to Annex 2.
Note.— This implies that, if used, the selected VFR cruising
level be such that expected local atmospheric pressure variations
do not result in a lowering of this limit to a height of
less than 200 m (700 ft) above ground or water.
2.10 Identification of air traffic
services units and airspaces
2.10.1 Recommendation.— An area control centre or
flight information centre should be identified by the name of a
nearby town or city or geographic feature.
2.10.2 Recommendation.— An aerodrome control tower
or approach control unit should be identified by the name of
the aerodrome at which it is located.
2.10.3 Recommendation.— A control zone, control area
or flight information region should be identified by the name
of the unit having jurisdiction over such airspace.
2.11 Establishment and
identification of ATS routes
2.11.1 When ATS routes are established, a protected
airspace along each ATS route and a safe spacing between
adjacent ATS routes shall be provided.
2.11.2 Recommendation.— When warranted by density,
complexity or nature of the traffic, special routes should be
established for use by low-level traffic, including helicopters
operating to and from helidecks on the high seas. When
determining the lateral spacing between such routes, account
should be taken of the navigational means available and the
navigation equipment carried on board helicopters.
2.11.3 ATS routes shall be identified by designators.
2.11.4 Designators for ATS routes other than standard
departure and arrival routes shall be selected in accordance
with the principles set forth in Appendix 1.
2.11.5 Standard departure and arrival routes and associated
procedures shall be identified in accordance with the principles
set forth in Appendix 3.
Note 1.— Guidance material relating to the establishment
of ATS routes is contained in the Air Traffic Services Planning
Manual (Doc 9426).
Note 2.— Guidance material relating to the establishment
of ATS routes defined by VOR is contained in Attachment A.
Note 3.— The spacing between parallel tracks or between
parallel ATS route centre lines for which an RNP type is
required will be dependent upon the relevant RNP type
specified. Guidance material relating to the establishment of
ATS routes for use by RNAV-equipped aircraft and to the
spacing between routes based on RNP type is contained in
Attachment B.
2.12 Establishment of
change-over points
2.12.1 Recommendation.— Change-over points should
be established on ATS route segments defined by reference to
very high frequency omnidirectional radio ranges where this
　
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