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5.4.3.2  Means of compliance
The means of compliance is usually dictated by the specific item of the certification basis, and generally fall into one or any combination of the following:
a)  Test – is performed when the requirement explicitly calls for a demonstration by test (physical, actual or simulation). Examples of test are flight test, ground test, fatigue test, simulation, fire or flammability test, environmental test (e.g. salt spray), functional test, bird strike test, and engine ingestion test.
b)  Analysis – is performed when the requirement explicitly calls for a demonstration by analysis (qualitative, quantitative, or comparative), or when the applicant can demonstrate, based on previously accepted test results, the validity of using analysis in lieu of testing. Examples of analysis are failure modes and effects analysis, flight performance data reduction and expansion, structural loads analysis, and software evaluation.
c)  Inspection or Evaluation – is performed against an item that does not require test or analysis, but relies on observation, judgment, verification, evaluation, or a statement of attestation from the applicant or its vendors/contractors.
5.4.3.3  Certification compliance plan
5.4.3.3.1 The certification compliance plan is the primary document in the modification approval process that serves both as a checklist and official record of compliance. The applicant should prepare a certification compliance plan and establish its contents with the agreement of the ACD. The certification compliance plan should, as a minimum, contain the following information:
a)  itemized breakdown of the certification basis;
b)  identification of items of voluntary compliance (elect to comply);
c)  proposed means of compliance for each item (test, analyses, inspection, or combination
of these, or finding of equivalent level of safety); d) lists of tests to be conducted; e) identification of substantiation reports to be submitted (as proof of compliance); f) identification of persons responsible for making findings of compliance; g) the level of involvement of the ACD, the applicant, or a delegate of the ACD in the
findings of compliance or witnessing of tests; and h) modification project schedule, including the applicant’s milestones and when final approval is expected.
5.4.3.3.2  Tests, analyses, and inspections are expensive in terms of cost and time. Applicants should, therefore, seek concurrence from the ACD that their proposed means of compliance with the certification basis are acceptable. The acceptance of the means, however, is not an acceptance of the data in advance, it is merely a recognition of the means as satisfactory for the demonstration of compliance. The Certification Compliance Plan, although initially agreed to by the ACD, is a living document whose contents may change (the structure and format will remain the same) throughout the course of modification approval process. Some of the possible sources of change to this document are as follows:
a)  design changes due to refinements or development;
b)  revised or alternate means of compliance;
c)  changes in level of involvement of the ACD and applicant;
d)  changes to the certification basis caused by the issuance of special conditions of airworthiness, or exemptions, and
e)  other issues affecting the design or approval that modify any of the aspects of the certification plan.
5.4.3.3.3 The activities involving demonstration of compliance should not begin until after a certification compliance plan has been agreed to between the applicant and ACD. The original (or master) copy of the certification compliance plan is retained by the ACD until completion of the modification approval activity. Upon completion of the programme, the plan can be the official certification compliance record for the modified product.
　
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